Chapter 11

In most cases of incest between siblings, the situation involves __________ to engage in sexual activity.

an older brother getting a younger sister

To determine who is related to whom, a ___________ system is used in the U.S.

bilineal

When researchers compared heterosexual and homosexual families, they found homosexual families had _____________.

issues in their lives that were similar to those of heterosexual families

Interviews conducted by sociologists Jeanette and Robert Lauer revealed that unhappy couples stayed together for ___________ and for _____________.

religious reasons; the sake of their children

White parents are more likely than parents of other racial-ethnic groups to use shame and guilt to control their children.

False

What are the two fundamental changes sociologists observe in regard to marriage and family life in the United States?

Increased rates of postponing marriage and childbearing and an increase in cohabitation

Compared to 1965, ___________ are spending ___________ time providing child care.

both husbands and wives; more

Researchers have found that increased _____________ has contributed to the increase in the average age of Americans when they get married for the first time and when they have their first child.

cohabitation

Marriage, authority, mate selection, and inheritance standards are all considered ____________.

common cultural themes that run through marriage

As more married women join the workforce, wives will ___________.

continue to gain more marital power

Children of divorce are more likely to _________ than are children raised by non-divorced parents.

experience emotional issues

On Thanksgiving Kevin visits with his cousins, aunts, uncles, and grandparents. These people are Kevin's ____________ family.

extended

A ____________ is defined as two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

family

Most __________ families lack legal protections associated with marriage and registered partnerships.

gay and lesbian

Compared to other racial-ethnic groups, Asian American children are more likely to ____________.

grow up with both parents

Age, education, social class, and race/ethnicity are considered to be ___________ when it comes to love and marriage.

highly predictable social channels

Caitlin and Anthony are a married couple in their mid-20s, both have master's degrees, and are from middle-class families. Caitlin and Anthony's relationship is an example of _____________.

homogamy

Two of the most prominent fundamental changes to marriage and family life are __________ and ___________.

increased rates of postponing marriage and childbearing; an increase in cohabitation

Johnnie's parents were divorced three years ago. During the first year after the divorce, Johnnie's father visited him every week. Then Johnnie's father remarried and fathered another child. Now he rarely visits Johnnie. It is likely that Jonnie's father ______________.

is young

Research has found that couples who cohabit before marriage are ____________ likely to experience divorce than couples who do not cohabit before marriage.

more

Karrie and Jim are married and are both from families with divorced families. Sarah and Mark are married and are both from families with married parents. Karrie and Jim are ____________.

more likely to divorce than Sarah and Mark

Men who are married to the mother of their children, especially those who are older, more educated, and have higher incomes, are _________________.

more likely to see and talk to their children often after divorce

Research has shown that families who attend church ____________ often prefer ____________ families.

more; larger

As of 2011, 41 U.S. states have laws that prohibit _________.

same-sex marriage

According to functionalists, the family serves at least ___________ necessary roles that are vital to the survival and social order of society.

six

Most variation that we can observe in families is due to differences in ____________.

social class

Couples in happy long-term marriages claim that they __________.

think of their spouses as best friends

In _________ societies, parents, usually the father, select a spouse for their child, and couples usually reside with the groom's family instead of establishing a new home.

traditional

According to the author, the key difference between Native American families has to do with whether they are ______________.

traditional or assimilated

About ___________ of couples who marry previously cohabited with each other.

two-thirds

Throughout history, husbands have had more power and wives have resented it, but now the balance of power seems to be shifting. These are the main concerns of which theoretical perspective?

Conflict

Which sociological theorists would most likely investigate the imbalance of power between husbands and wives?

Conflict theorists

In 1890, an American woman getting married for the first time was likely to be _________.

22

Same-sex couples are less likely to break up than opposite-sex couples.

False

People in their __________ have the highest rates of divorce.

50s

The Carroll family is made up of a husband and wife, as well as two children, one from the wife's previous marriage and one from the husband's. The Carroll family is what type of family?

A blended family

Which of the following families is the most likely to experience divorce?

A blended family

On which of the following scenarios would a conflict theorist focus?

A husband and wife fighting over which investments the family should make

_____________ is another term used to describe "adultolescents".

Boomerang children

Couples in two-income families who do not have children are known as __________.

DINKS

Family size is the most important determinant when observing patterns and differences in parenting styles.

False

In Jeannette and Robert Lauer's study of happy marriages, all of the couples who identified as happy frequently disagreed with their spouses regarding aims and goals.

False

Incest is least likely to occur in families that are socially isolated.

False

Men are more likely than women to abuse their spouse.

False

Racial-ethnic differences tell us more about family life than social class differences.

False

Couples frequently cite which of the following reasons for choosing to stay in an unhappy marriage?

For the sake of their children

______________ examine how families are related to other parts of society, especially the ways that marriage and family contribute to the well-being of society.

Functionalists

____________ refers to our tendency to marry those found in close proximity to us.

Homogamy

The divorce rate of remarried people with children is higher than the divorce rate of first marriages. Which sentence best described the divorce rate of remarried people without children?

It is about the same as the divorce rate of first marriages

Which of the following married couples is the best example of homogamy?

Jane and Roe are both in their mid-30s, have high school diplomas, and are from working-class families

What is the sandwich generation?

People who find themselves responsible for both their children and their aging parents

Laura has two husbands named Joshua and Devon. Laura and Joshua have no children. Laura and Devon have five sons. What term best characterizes Laura, Joshua, and Devon's family?

Polyandry

Robert has two wives named Sharon and Kathy. Robert and Sharon have one son. Robert and Kathy have two daughters. What term best characterizes Robert, Sharon, and Kathy's family?

Polygyny

____________ love is defined as mutual sexual attraction and idealized feelings about each other.

Romantic

Which of the following theoretical perspectives is concerned with the ideas of gender - what is "right" for husbands and wives when it comes to housework and child care - as well as changes in gender and parenting norms?

Symbolic interactionist

___________ would most likely investigate the meanings and ideas related to gender roles in the family.

Symbolic interactionists

According the the findings of Diana Russell, who are the most common incest offenders?

Uncles

The text alludes to which of the following as a reason a divorced couple might meet again?

There is an important decision to be made involving one of their children

Ivan is the son of working class parents. What is the likely method his parents will use in his rearing?

They will set limits, then permit him to choose his activities of interest

Couples without children are most often childless by choice.

True

Massachusetts, North Dakota, and Illinois have the lowest divorce rates in the United States.

True

People who attend church and who have parents who are not divorced are less likely to experience a divorce themselves.

True

People who attend church more often prefer larger families.

True

Same-sex couples are more likely to break up than opposite-sex couples.

True

When a couple has their first child they may be referred to as ___________.

a family of procreation

Polyandry is ___________.

a form of marriage in which a wife has more than one husband

The most highly predictable social channels for love and marriage are ____________.

age, education, and social class

The author clearly implies that children form single-parent families are _____________.

at risk because they are poor, not because of their single-parents situation in and of itself

A ___________ family is defined as a family whose members were once part of other families.

blended

The facts regarding how marital violence is initiated indicate that efforts to curb marital violence should focus on ___________.

both husbands and wives

Children who have ____________ are less likely to complete high school or college, more likely to have emotional problems, are more likely to become juvenile delinquents than children who have ____________.

divorced parents; married parents

Children of _________ parents are __________ likely to drop out of school, divorce, have emotional problems, and have trouble with the law.

divorced; more

The number of couples who choose not to have children is ___________ what it was 20 years ago.

double

According to functionalists, the six basic functions that families perform are _____________.

economic production, socialization of children, care of the sick and aged, recreation, sexual control, and reproduction

In Native American families _____________.

elders tend to play a central role

Parents teaching children to do chores would be an example of ____________.

ensuring children are socialized

Functionalists focus on the ways in which the family _____________.

makes sure society is perpetuated

In Western culture, especially in the United States, love is considered the foundation for ___________.

marriage

Two cultural themes that run through marriage in traditional and industrial societies are ________ and ______.

mate selection; descent

When children with divorced parents get married, they are less likely to experience divorce themselves if ____________.

one spouse is from a family with married parents

A form of marriage in which men have more than one wife is called ___________.

polygyny

According to conflict theorists, ___________ is the source of conflict in marriage.

power

Major differences observed in families are less likely the result of ___________ differences than the result of ___________ differences.

racial-ethnic; social class

According to the functionalist theory, the family is universal because _____________.

the family fulfills needs that are basic to the survival of every society

Incest victims who experience the greatest trauma are those who were ______________.

victimized the most often, whose assaults occurred over longer periods of time, and whose incest was "more intrusive"

Symbolic interactionists focus on _____________.

what individual family members think is part of their role

Families living in poverty are more likely to be headed by ____________.

women