Chapter 11

The process of evaluating whether something is a stressor is called _____ appraisal, whereas the process of determining whether one can handle that stressor is called _____ appraisal.

primary; secondary

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way one interacts with that stressor is known as _____-focused coping.

problem

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way one interacts with the stressor is known as _____ coping.

problem-focused

Which statement is true regarding trends in Americans' buying power and happiness since 1950?

Buying power has increased since 1950, but happiness has remained constant.

Pioneering thinkers in psychology's history recognized the importance of happiness. _____, for example, wrote about it in 1902.

William James

A challenging or threatening event is called:

a stressor

People tend to use _____-focused coping strategies when they believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

emotion

Attempting to alleviate stress indirectly by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction is known as _____ coping.

emotion-focused

The proportion of very religious people is _____ that of nonreligious people who smoke.

1/2

When researchers combined data from 70 studies of 3.4 million people worldwide, they found that socially isolated or lonely people had a _____ percent greater death rate during the 7-year study period than did those with ample social connections (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010, 2015, 2017).

30

A 2019 Gallup poll revealed that _____ percent of Americans reported experiencing "a lot of stress" the day before.

55

In one study of over 650,000 adults, walking 150 minutes per week predicted living _____ more years.

7

Which person is the BEST example of a Type A personality?

Andre, a competitive, easily angered journalist

Consider these two statements: (1) Doing good promotes feeling good. (2) Feeling good promotes doing good. Which of these statements is true?

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.

With respect to coping, which statement is true?

Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is uncontrollable.

The correct order of the general adaptation syndrome is an alarm reaction, resistance, and _____.

Exhaustion

B lymphocyte is to T lymphocyte as _____ is to _____.

Fighting bacterial infections; Attacking viruses

Jessica was walking home from work when she found a $20 bill on the ground. There was no one around, so she picked up the money. As she rounded the corner, she saw a woman with an armful of groceries entering a building. Which scenario is MOST likely?

Jessica rushes to hold the door for the woman.

_____ coping is to addressing work problems with a colleague as _____ coping is to talking to one's hairstylist about all of the problems at work.

Problem-focused; emotion-focused

The field that studies one's mind-body interactions is called:

Psychoneuroimmunology

Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept of:

Relative Deprivation

Sandy is a human resources director for a chain of fast-food restaurants. When interviewing prospective employees, Sandy is known to finish their sentences and to be very short with them if they do not finish a sentence quickly. According to Friedman and colleagues, which of these would be accurate of Sandy?

Sandy is a Type A personality.

_____ appraisal refers to the process of determining whether a stressor is something one can handle.

Secondary

Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. What is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. There is a pet hotel in the city that has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions have weakened immune systems.

As psychologists use the word, resilience refers to the:

ability to bounce back from adversity.

Dewey just won a $145 million lottery prize. If he is typical, 1 year from now, he will be:

about as happy as he was before he won the lottery

Based on the textbook's discussion, which choice is better suited to managing stress than to minimizing the experience of stress in the first place?

aerobic exercise

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is correctly matched with its description?

alarm—perceiving a threat or stressor

In a(n) _____ conflict, one must choose between two appealing but incompatible options.

approach-approach

Based on the textbook's discussion, experiencing less stress is to better managing stress as _____ is to _____.

being optimistic; meditation

Marcus is going through a particularly difficult time because of work-related stress, his parents' health problems, impending final exams, and term paper deadlines. Marcus has a history of not dealing well with stress. The continuous stress is likely to cause all of these EXCEPT:

cause Marcus to develop cancer.

With respect to personality, Type A is to Type B as _____ is to _____.

competitive; easygoing

In the 1990s, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. Although it actually may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n):

daily hassle

Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol, which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which factor increases her likelihood of having further heart problems?

depression

Many people report feeling happier after performing random acts of kindness. This is an example of:

doing good promoting feeling good.

Looking for the silver lining in a challenging situation is an example of _____ coping.

emotion-focused

In his general adaptation syndrome, Hans Selye noted that the greatest threat to one's immune system is during the _____ phase.

exhaustion

Lupe examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV-positive gay men of color. Lupe is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

health

Those who believe that they control their own destiny have an _____ locus of control.

internal

Primary appraisal refers to:

interpreting whether a stimulus is stressful.

Which concept is MOST nearly the opposite of personal control?

learned helplessness

Selma participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being less happy than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Selma was:

less likely to have met all of her life goals than her happy peers.

One reason why Type A personalities may be more prone to heart disease is that they are more often combat ready, which leads to increased activity by the sympathetic nervous system and interferes with the:

liver's ability to remove cholesterol and fat from the blood.

Chronic stress is NOT associated with:

optimism

When labeling their feelings, "mindful people" show MORE activation in the brain's:

prefrontal cortex.

Amro is hiking in the woods and sees a dark, curvy, thin object on the trail ahead. His process of determining whether the object is a poisonous snake or a stick is an example of _____ appraisal.

primary

Joe has been in treatment for lung cancer for the past 11 months but has described himself as thankful and happy for every day that he has. The personal strength that has helped him to cope can be described as:

resilience

"Let it be a challenge!" This exhortation is intended to encourage one's friend's belief that they can handle a potential stressor—that is, it is aimed at influencing _____ appraisal.

secondary

"You got this!" Sam tells their friend, to encourage the friend's belief that they can rise to the occasion when a potential stressor appears on the horizon. This exhortation is intended to influence _____ appraisal.

secondary

The process of appraising an event as threatening or challenging is called _____.

stress