chapter 11 cervical and thoracic spinal conditions

The cervical plexus consists of the ventral rami of spinal nerves A) C1 - C3 B) C1 - C4 C) C2 - C3 D) C3 - C5 NOT D

A,B,C

Which of the following individuals is at greater risk for suprascapular nerve injury? A) volleyball player B) soccer goalie NOT B C) diver D) offensive football lineman

A,C,D

True or false? the spinal nerve is composed of two roots. one root is responsible for motor function; the other is responsible for sensory function

True

The Torg ratio aids in the assessment of A) cervical muscle strains B) spinal stenosis C) scoliosis NOT C D) spondylolysis

A,B,D

An athlete has sustained a sprain to the cervical region and is having radiating paresthesia down the left arm. What should be done for this athlete? A) apply heat therapy B) apply traction NOT B C) immobilize the shoulder joint D) refer to a physician

A,C,D

an acute process in witch the nucleus

C) soft-disk disease

Which of the following signs or symptoms would NOT indicate a cervical spinal injury? A) muscular weakness in extremities B) absent or weak reflexes C) sensory changes in the upper clavicular area D) positive Babinski test result

D) positive Babinski test result

The myotome for C5 is: A) lateral neck flexion NOT A B) shoulder elevation C) shoulder abduction D) biceps flexion, wrist extension

B,C,A

True or False? If the shoulder abduction test is positive, there is decreased tension on involved nerve root. This suggests a herniated disc or nerve root compression. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? In a brachial plexus injury, pain is usually transient and resolves itself in 5 to 10 minutes. A) True B) False

A) True

Osteochondrosis of the spine because of abnormal epiphyseal plate behavior that allows for herniation of the disk into the vertebral body is termed: A) Scheuermann disease B) intervertebral disk disease C) spinal stenosis NOT C D) Brown-Séquard syndrome

A,B,D

Brachial plexus injuries are most likely a result of A) torque forces B) tensile forces C) shearing forces D) compressive forces Save

C) shearing forces

In an injury involving the spinal cord, a transient loss of somatic and autonomic reflex activity below the level of neurological damage is called A) spinal shock B) neurogenic shock C) neurapraxia D) paralysis Save

A) spinal shock

The cumulative range of motion for the flexion/extension of the cervical spine is A) 4-12 degrees B) 8-18 degrees C) 12-20 degrees NOT C D) 18-26 degrees NOT D

A,B,

A classic sign of an acute burner is muscle weakness in actions involving A) shoulder adduction and internal rotation B) shoulder abduction and external rotation C) shoulder flexion D) shoulder extension NOT D

A,B,C

Which condition results in incomplete loss of motor function, with upper extremity weakness being more pronounced than lower extremity weakness? A) Brown-Séquard syndrome B) central spinal cord syndrome C) Anterior cord syndrome D) Posterior cord syndrome NOT D

A,B,C

The function of the intervertebral discs is A) to allow the spine to bend B) to serve as shock absorbers C) to protect the spinal cord NOT C D) to prevent excessive spinal movement Save

A,B,D

Which condition results in incomplete loss of motor function, with upper extremity weakness being more pronounced than lower extremity weakness? A) Brown-Séquard syndrome B) central spinal cord syndrome C) Anterior cord syndrome NOT C D) Posterior cord syndrome

A,B,D

A brachial plexus injury usually affects what nerve roots of the plexus? A) C5-C6 B) C6-C7 NOT B C) C7-C8 D) C8-T1 NOT D

A,C

What is the clinical significance of Erb's point? A) It is the most superficial position of the brachial plexus. B) It is the best location to palpate the carotid artery. NOT B C) It is the best location to palpate the facet joints. D) It is the most superficial position of the middle scalene. NOT D

A,C

A deformity of the neck in which the head tilts toward one shoulder and, simultaneously, the chin rotates toward the opposite shoulder is termed: A) kyphosis B) scoliosis NOT B C) torticollis D) wry neck Save

A,C,D

Axial loading of the cervical spine occurs when the neck is in a position of A) hyperextension B) flexion C) lateral rotation D) lateral flexion NOT D

B) flexion

True or false? the bony landmark associated with the first thoracic vertebra is the base of the scapula.

False

True or False? Fractures and dislocations commonly occur at the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? The right and left pedicles have notches on their superior and inferior borders, providing openings for the spinal nerves to pass through. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? The thoracic curve is convex posteriorly. A) True B) False

A) True

A localized conduction block that causes temporary loss of sensation and/or loss of motor function from selective demyelination of the axon sheath without true axonal disruption is termed: A) neurapraxia B) axonotmesis NOT B C) neurotmesis D) stenosis

A) neurapraxia

A classic symptom of acute torticollis is A) pain on one side of the neck that appears after waking from sleep B) pain over the spinous process C) muscle weakness in the extremities D) absent or weak reflexes

A) pain on one side of the neck that appears after waking from sleep

The dermatome for C3 is the: A) supraclavicular fossa B) acromioclavicular joint C) lateral upper arm NOT C D) lateral forearm, thumb, first finger NOT D

A,B

The functional unit of the spine is called the A) intervertebral disc B) ligamentum nuchae C) motion segment D) vertebrae NOT D

A,B,C

The Spurling test is a A) foraminal compression test B) brachial plexus traction test C) cervical compression test NOT C D) cervical distraction test

A,B,D

The ligament that connects the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae is the A) interspinous ligament B) ligamentum flavum C) posterior longitudinal ligament NOT C D) supraspinous ligament

A,B,D

The most common mechanism of injury for a cervical fracture is A) a lateral blow causing rapid lateral flexion of the neck B) a violent muscle contraction C) forceful hyperextension NOT C D) axial loading and violent neck flexion

A,B,D

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of injury for a cervical disk injury? A) sustained, repetitive cervical compression B) axial loading C) hyperflexion NOT C D) hyperextension

A,B,D

Bilateral sensory changes including burning pain, tingling, or total loss of sensation is referred to as A) burner NOT A B) cervical dislocation C) cervical fracture D) neuropraxia

B,C,D

The vertebrae that consists of a bony ring with large , flat, superior articular facets on which the skull rests is the A) annulus fibrosus NOT A B) atlas C) axis D) dens

B,C,D

A deformity of the neck in which the head tilts toward one shoulder and, simultaneously, the chin rotates toward the opposite shoulder is termed: A) kyphosis B) scoliosis C) torticollis D) wry neck

C) torticollis

A crushing compression fracture that leaves a vertebra narrowed anteriorly is a(n).

C) wedge fracture

True or False? A positive sign of a first thoracic nerve root stretch is pain in the scapular area or arm. Question 10 options: A) True B) False

True

True or False? Chronic burners are characterized by episodes that may not produce areas of numbness.

True

Brachial plexus injuries are most likely a result of A) torque forces B) tensile forces C) shearing forces NOT C D) compressive forces Save

A,B,D

The functional unit of the spine is called the A) intervertebral disc B) ligamentum nuchae C) motion segment D) vertebrae

C) motion segment

True or False? A cervical sprain usually involves the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius.

False

True or False? Large compressive loads, such as those sustained during weight lifting, can cause fractures of the vertebral endplates, leading to a wedge fracture in the cervical area.

False

True or False? A cervical sprain has the same mechanism of injury as a cervical strain, but the action is more violent in nature for the sprain. Question options: A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? A positive Hoffman's sign is indicative of am upper motor neuron lesion. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? A positive sign of a first thoracic nerve root stretch is pain in the scapular area or arm. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Axial compression loading has been identified as the leading mechanism of injury for severe cervical spine injuries. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Because the intervertebral disks are avascular, they rely on changes in posture and body position to produce a pumping action to bring in nutrients. A) True B) False

A) True

The middle finger is the dermatome for: A) C5 B) C6 C) C7 D) C8 NOT D

A,B,C

True or False? An individual with a cervical fracture will not be able to walk under their own power. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Approximately 70 to 90% of all cases of scoliosis can be directly linked to overdevelopment of muscles on the dominant side of the thorax or to a leg length discrepancy. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Cervical fractures occur more frequently than cervical dislocations. A) True B) False

B) False

An athlete has sustained a sprain to the cervical region and is having radiating paresthesia down the left arm. What should be done for this athlete? A) apply heat therapy B) apply traction C) immobilize the shoulder joint D) refer to a physician

B) apply traction

Grade II burners represent A) neurapraxia NOT A B) axonotmesis C) neurotmesis D) cervical compression

B) axonotmesis

Which of the following characteristics would suggest a cervical sprain rather than strain? A) restricted ROM B) symptoms that persists for several days C) pain D) stiffness

B) symptoms that persists for several days

If a unilateral cervical dislocation is present, the neck will be visibly tilted in what direction? A) away from the dislocated side B) toward the dislocated side C) toward extension of the neck D) toward flexion of the neck

B) toward the dislocated side

Normal ROM for cervical flexion is: Question 8 options: A) 50-70 degrees B) 60-100 degrees C) 80-90 degrees D) 100-110 degrees

C) 80-90 degrees

During a brachial plexus injury, muscular weakness is evident in the A) internal rotators and deltoid B) external rotators and deltoid C) external rotators, deltoid, and biceps brachii D) internal rotators, deltoid, and biceps brachii

C) external rotators, deltoid, and biceps brachii

After excluding tackle by leading with his head, a football player is down on the field. All or the following suggest an unstable neck EXCEPT:

D) All of the above

Question 8 (1 point) Question 8 Unsaved A loss of cerebrospinal fluid around the spinal cord because of deformation of the spinal cord or a narrowing of the neural canal is called Question 8 options: A) spina bifida B) Scheuermann's disease C) Spinal occlusion D) Spinal stenosis

D) Spinal stenosis

Finger abduction assesses which of the following cervical nerves? A) C6 B) C7 C) C8 D) T1

D) T1

A postive finding with the cervical distraction test indicates: A) herniated disk B) cervical fracture C) compression of a cervical nerve D) compression of a facet joint

D) compression of a facet joint