Chapter 11 Key Issues APHG

According to Alfred Weber's Least Cost Theory, the most important factor in determining the location of an industry is: a. The cost of transporting raw materials to the factory and finished products to the market. b. The agglomeration of people and productive activities. c. The availability and cost of labor. d. The amount of political interference of subsidies provided by the government. e. The formation of diseconomies with higher rents and wage levels.

a

Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of: a. low cost energy b. low cost land c. fluid capital d. low cost labor

a

Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process is know as: a. vertical integration. b. the new international division of labor. c. right-to-work. d. convergence.

a

Textiles are assembled into four main types of products. Which of the following is not one of the four major uses? a. construction materials b. garments c. carpets d. home products e. industrial uses

a

The Industrial Revolution began in: a. Great Britain b. Japan c. China d. United States

a

The main impact of transnational corporation comes from: a. Interdependence in the world economy between the more developed countries and those that provide raw materials and manufacturing. b. Foreign direct investment in the 50 least developed countries. c. Shipments of manufactured goods from developed countries. d. Investment in countries that are the farthest away geographically from the parent company. e. Outsourcing of services to call centers.

a

The shift of world manufacturing (Site Factor) to new industrial regions can be seen most clearly in the manufacture of: a. steel b. petroleum c. beverages d. canned goods e. pharmaceuticals.

a

When an industrial firm mininimizes cost by using different forms of transportation, this is called? a. Break Bulk of Point b. Bulk Reducing c. Weber's Least Cost Theory d. Refining

a

Which of the following is true of manufacturing jobs in the U.S.? a. They have been shifting within the United States from the North and East to the West and most recently to the South. b. They have been shifting within the United States from the East and West to the North. c. They have been shifting within the United States from the North and West to the East.Answer d. They have been shifting within the United States from the South and West to the North and East. e. They have been shifting within the United States from the West and East to the South and North.

a

Which one of the following countries dominated world production of steel and textiles during the nineteenth century? a. United Kingdom b. Germany c. United States d. Japan e. Russia

a

Why is the Great Lakes Industrial Hearth in North America primarily important today? a. Major transportation networks b. large deposits of natural resources c. Area with advanced skilled workers d. large supply of cheap labor forces

a

Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? a. Eastern Europe b. Central America c. Eastern North America d. Northwestern Europe e. East Asia

b

In contrast to Fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to: a. dominate transnational corporations. b. introduce more flexible work rules. c. place more importance on site factors. d. assign each worker one task.

b

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was: a. concentrated b. dispersed c. located in colonial settlements d. clustered

b

Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to: a. minimize production costs inside the plant. b. minimize transport costs. c. identify unique characteristics of a particular location. d. avoid labor unions.

b

The largest change in the economic sectors of the economy occurred when: a. The secondary sector grew exponentially between 1850 and 1900 due to the Industrial Revolution. b. The tertiary sector grew between 1950 and 2010 at the expense of primary and secondary jobs. c. The number of primary jobs grew at the expense of tertiary jobs. d. The number of farmers shrank to only 1 percent in 2010. e. United States was entering the "Golden Age" of manufacturing in the 1950's

b

Which of the following countries has the world's largest supply of low-cost labor and the world's largest market for many consumer products? a. Nigeria b. China c. Pakistan d. Japan e. India

b

Which of these industries is most dependent on low cost labor a. metal fabrication b. textile manufacturing c. copper manufacturing d. automobile manufacturing

b

Industrial regions outside the United States and Europe have become increasingly imporant in recent years because: a. access to markets b. break bulk of point c. site factors d. access to raw materials

c

Significant site factors include all but which of the following? a. land b. capital c. transportation d. labor

c

Steel production has declined during 1980-2018 mostly in what country? a. Europe b. China c. U.S.A d. Japan

c

The financial analysis firm Goldman-Sachs believe that the following countries are expected to dominate global manufacturing during the twenty-first century. a. India and Bangladesh b. China, Thailand, Vietnam and Mexico c. Brazil, Russia, India, and China d. Mexico, Argentina and China e. Russia, Spain, Vietnam and Mexico

c

The practice of establishing maquiladoras along the Mexican border: a. has hurt the Mexican economy since it takes jobs and money away from Mexican people. b. has led to a flood of cheap labor, badly made products coming into the United States c. allows goods to be made in Mexico at a low cost and then transported to the United States for sale. d. has led to the immigration of many Mexicans, who are searching for better jobs, in the United States. e. was made illegal by the Mexican government in the 1960's.

c

The term cottage industries was used to refer to: a. industries that produced only cheeses and other foods b. village-based manufacturing c. home-based manufacturing d. industries located exclusively in rural areas e. the collaboration between village and city manufacturing

c

Which manufacturing production is more likely to be located in highly developed regions? a. cotton weaving and spinning b. cheap electronic production c. specialized/designer women's apparel d. Both A and B are correct

c

A beverage bottling plant would be an example of the which of the following? a. situation-neutral industry b. perishable industry c. break bulk of point d. bulk-gaining industry e. bulk-reducing industry

d

After the Northeast, the second largest industrial region in the United States is: a. Northeast b. Midwest c. Southeast d. Southern California

d

Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry, Honda's most important factor when selecting a location for a new assembly plant in the United States was a. minimizing the cost of shipping inputs. b. maximizing delivery time to customers. c. the location of railroads. d. minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers. e. Avoid labor costs

d

Central Europe offers an attractive combination of important site and situation factors a. less skilled but cheaper labor than Western Europe. b. more expensive but more skilled labor than Asia and Latin America. c. proximity to markets. d. All of the above

d

Industrial Heaths in the 21st Century include all but which of the following regions? a. Southeastern U.S.A. b. Spain and Italy c. Eastern Europe d. Northeastern U.S.A.

d

Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because: a. refineries import most material from other countries. b. parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers. c. the mills are near the mines. d. separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products. e. weight is lost through the manufacturing process

d

The U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of: a. just-in-time inventory management b. proximity to markets c. seafood processing. d. access to oil and natural gas.

d

The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as: a. starting on the East and West coast and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending in the Midwest. b. starting in the Midwest and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending up on the East and West coast. c. starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the East and West coast before moving overseas. d. starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coast.

d

A ________ is one in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute a high percentage of expenses. a. footloose industry b. labor-friendly workplace c. working-class industry d. profit-sharing industry e. labor-intensive industry

e

Break-of-Bulk points are important to the production of manufactured goods because: a. They are where a factory should be located to minimize the cost of raw materials. b. Heavier, more bulky items are harder to transport, so they cost more. c. The search for raw materials led to the colonizing of South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. d. They allow governments to assess tariffs on foreign goods coming into the country. e. The change from one type of transportation method to another method changes the cost of the finished product.

e

During the mid-nineteenth century, the U.S. steel industry concentrated around ________ in an area proximate to iron-ore and coal mines. a. Chicago b. Los Angeles c. Seattle d. Boston e. Pittsburg

e

The shift from manufacturing jobs to service-oriented jobs, or deindustrialization: a. Was mainly caused by the number of service workers, such as maids, secretaries, and janitors. b. Was caused by the high prices of manufactured goods in developing countries, such as China. c. Caused new steel mills to open in Silicon Valley even as the old mills closed in the Northeastern United States. d. Caused many service jobs to be outsourced to developing countries. e. Occurred as many people moved into research and tech related industries.

e

The world's three major ________ house 80 percent of the world's final assembly plants, including 40 percent in East Asia, 25 percent in Europe, and 15 percent in North America. a. manufacturing cities b. river valleys c. cultural regions d. newly industrialized countries e. industrial regions

e

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic to high skilled manufacturing? a. Artificial Intelligence is codependent with human ability b. Distributed and concentrated in highly developed regions c. Largely based on the advancement of human capital d. Advancements in research and science e. Artificial Intelligence will take over all quaternary jobs by the mid-21st Century

e

Which of the following regions in the United States is the country's largest center for clothing and textile production? a. Southern Ontario/St. Lawrence River b. Northeastern United States c. Middle Atlantic (New York City and its near suburbs) d. Southeast United States e. Southwestern United States

e