Chapter 11 (Nervous System II)

Different structures of the brain stem

Medulla, Pons, Midbrain

1.The ------------ region of the spinal cord gives rise to eight pairs of spinal nerves.

cervical

efferent

conducted or conducting outward or away from something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied). brings sensory impulses

afferent

conducting or conducted inward or toward something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied).brings sensory impulses

4.The------------- is the tapered end of the spinal cord.

conus medullaris

What is the name of the tapering, inferior end of the spinal cord?

conus medullaris

• Anterior chamber:

The anterior chamber is the front part of the eye between the cornea and the iris.

What are the 5 special sense receptors?

1. Visual 2.Olfactory 3.Auditory 4.Gustatory 5.Equilibrium

12. What does the central sulcus do?

Also called the central fissure.... SEPERATES FRONTAL LOBE FROM PARIETAL LOBE.

tissue covering for the nerve

Endoneurium. Perineurium. Epineurium. The epineurium is the outermost layer of dense connective tissue enclosing the (peripheral) nerve.

Primary motor complex is in what lobe

Frontal

10. The primary motor cortex is part of what lobe?

Frontal lobe

what are the 5 lobes of the brain?

Frontal. Parietal. Temporal. Occipital. Insula.

4. What is the simplest spinal reflex

Monosynaptic refers to the presence of a single chemical synapse. or spinal reflex

11. Where is the sensory primary cortex located?

Parietal lobe

9. What are the different tracks of the nervous center called and what are these functions?

Sensory and Motor Tracts Communication to and from the brain involves tracts Ascending tracts are sensory or Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside • Descending tracts are motor or Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response. Deliver information to the periphery

The Eustachian tube

The Eustachian tube is a narrow tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat. During swallowing, the Eustachian tube opens up to allow air into the middle ear, so that air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane is the same.

The delicate membranous inner ear (labyrinth) is enclosed and protected by a bony chamber that is referred to as the bony labyrinth. The inner ear contains two main structures:

The cochlea, in the shape of a snail, which is involved in hearing. The round window (fenestra cochlea) is a membrane that connects the cochlea to the middle ear. It helps dampen the vibrations in the cochlea. The vestibular system (consisting of the semicircular canals, saccule and utricle), which is responsible for maintaining balance and a sense of position. The cochlea

outer ear

The external part of the ear consists of the pinna and ear lobe. collects sound waves,directs sound waves into the ear cannal the ear cannal directs sound waves to the ear drum

15. What are the layers of the eye?

The eye has three main layers. These layers lie flat against each other and form the eyeball. sclera-• The outer layer of the eyeball is a tough, white, opaque membrane called the cornea-The slight bulge in the sclera at the front of the eye is a clear, thin, dome-shaped tissue iris-• The middle layer is the choroid. The front of the choroid is the colored part of the eye pupil-In the center of the iris is a circular hole or opening • The inner layer is the retina

8. What is the function of Medulla Oblongata?

The medulla oblongata is a portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing and sneezing.

• Posterior chamber:

The posterior chamber is between the iris and the lens

• Vitreous chamber:

The vitreous chamber is between the lens and the back of the eye.

6. What is the function of the Vitreous humour?

The vitreous is a clear jelly that fills the middle of the eye, and lies between the crystalline lens and the retina. It holds retina in place and fills the eye( shape). It minimally contributes to the optical power of the eye, and may have a role in maintaining the structural stability of the eye and retinal health.

14. Baroreceptors

They sense the blood pressure and relay the information to the brain, so that a proper blood pressure can be maintained.

central sulcus is a sulcus, or fold, in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates.

This divides the primary motor and sensory motor

cauda equina

a bundle of spinal nerves extending inferiroly from the conus medullaris

5. What is a synapse?

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

What is the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

group of muscle fibers is

fascicle.

5.The-------------is an extension of pia mater.

filum terminale

Vitreous humor

holds Retina in place fills chamber

3.The region of the spinal cord gives rise to five pairs of spinal nerves.

lumbar

13. Name the different types of receptors:

mechanoreceptors,- pressure, sound, gravity found in skin, blood vessels and ear thermoreceptors,- heat, cold and some food chemicals found in skin and hypothalamus chemoreceptors-specific chemicals and blood ph also nociceptors- wich can detect pain can be found in tounge, blood, nose and tissue photorceptor- light can be found in eys cones and rods

7. What are the different structures of the brain stem?

medulla,pons midbrain Three structures make up the brainstem: The medulla, which controls breathing, swallowing, blood pressure, and heart rate. The pons (Latin for "bridge"), which links the cerebellum to the cerebrum. The midbrain, which governs rudimentary vision and hearing

The iris controls the amount

of light that enters the eye by opening and closing the pupil.

cranial nerve mnemonic

on occasion our trusty truck acts funny very good vehicle any how on-1 olfactory occasion- 2 optic our-3 oculomotor trusty-4 trochlear truck-5 trigeminal acts-6 abducens funny-7 facial very-8 vestibulocochlear good -9 glossopharyngeal vehicle-10 vagus any-11 accessory how-12 hypoglossal

sensory or moter nerve for cranial nerves

some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more b stands for sensory and moter (sensory on-1 olfactory (s occasion- 2 optic (moter our-3 oculomotor (m trusty-4 trochlear ( both truck-5 trigeminal (s acts-6 abducens (m funny-7 facial (b very-8 vestibulocochlear (s good -9 glossopharyngeal (b vehicle-10 vagus (B any-11 accessory (m how-12 hypoglossal(m

three main layers of the eye or tunics whose names reflect their basic functions:

the fibrous tunic, the vascular tunic, and the nervous tunic.

Diencephalon is made up of four distinct components:

the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus.

2.The ------------ region of the spinal cord gives rise to twelve pairs of spinal nerves.

thoracic

The middle ear is an air-filled space that contains three tiny bones known as ossicles which transmit sound. The bones are known individually (according to their shapes) as the:

• Malleus (hammer). • Incus (anvil). • Stapes (stirrup).

3. What are the steps of reflex arc?

• Receptor - sense organ in skin, muscle, or other organ. • Sensory neuron - carries impulse towards CNS. • Interneuron - carries impulse within CNS. • Motor neuron - carries impulse away from CNS. • Effector - structure by which animal responds (muscle, gland, etc