Chapter 11

Which type of economic system is the United States?

capitalist with socialist aspects

What kind of resistance strategy is a union?

collective

Dewey runs a t-shirt company in New York City. She sources cotton from farmers in India, has it processed in Vietnam, and then has it shipped to Mexico, where the cotton is cut and sewn into shirts. The plain t-shirts are then shipped to Dewey's boutique storefront in Brooklyn, where she screen prints her own designs onto them and sells them. This company's practices are an example of __________ integration.

deep

Bonnie does freelance work from home. What is most likely the best benefit she derives from this arrangement?

flexibility

What is one of the key differences between hunting and gathering societies and horticultural societies?

Horticultural societies tended to have more permanent settlements.

Which revolution shifted work away from the home and led to the large-scale movement of people from rural areas into cities?

Industrial Revolution

William is a young boy living in London, England, in the late 1700s. He is amazed by the new steam-powered machines he sees being introduced and used in the city to make textiles, as well as the factories popping up seemingly everywhere. William is witnessing the __________,

Industrial Revolution

Which of the following statements best describes the consequences of the Information Revolution?

Agriculture and manufacturing are shrinking parts of the American economy.

Which of the following is true of both knowledge workers and service workers?

Both service workers and knowledge workers rely on new information technologies to a large degree.

Lara works as a massage therapist. Why would Lara be considered one type of service worker?

Lara provides direct service to clients.

What did Barbara Ehrenreich find in her research (described in her book Nickel and Dimed) on minimum-wage service jobs?

Low wages, lack of benefits, and grueling hours often make it difficult for these workers to pay even basic bills.

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the argument that transnational corporations (TNCs) hold a great deal of power and wield enormous influence in global governance?

Many transnational corporations are economically larger than some small nations.

While there have always been "gig" workers, what has recently changed about this kind of labor?

Technology facilitates connections between workers and clients and modulates pricing.

Ngan works in a factory that offers below-standard wages, demands long hours, and has very poor working conditions that may pose health or safety hazards. This work environment is referred to as __________.

a sweatshop

Jonas works at a software development company and gets paid well, but he doesn't find his work fulfilling or satisfying. He feels as if he is just following orders and doing the same things over and over. He also doesn't feel a sense of connection with his co-workers and resents the power that the company owners have over him. A sociologist would most likely say that Jonas is experiencing __________.

alienation

Lilyanna recently took over as CEO of a large cosmetics company. She thinks it's important to engage in corporate social responsibility, so she __________.

implements a plan to reduce the firm's environmental impact and ceases testing products on animals

The Agricultural Revolution had many benefits, such as allowing for greater food production and for groups to better sustain themselves and develop more permanent settlements. However, it also had some downsides, such as __________.

increasing the necessary amount of daily labor

Fran is a call center customer-service worker who has a script she's supposed to strictly follow when she responds to customer complaints. One day, a customer is extremely rude to her and Fran departs from the script and asks her to be more polite and respectful. What kind of strategy is this is an example of?

individual resistance

Early in his career, Roland read about the development of the microchip used in computers. A few years later, he was one of the first people to purchase a computer to assist in managing his business accounts. Roland participated in the start of which revolution?

information

Jared runs a company in Oakland, California, that produces mobile games for Android and Apple phones. He has found that he can increase company profits by contracting freelance coders and developers in India rather than in the United States to do most of the work. This is an example of __________.

outsourcing

Publicly owned and operated schools, federally mandated health care coverage, and tax incentives for business are all examples of what?

socialist elements in the U.S. economy

When he worked in the office alongside his co-workers and supervisor, Nikola just had to show up for eight hours and everyone thought he was productive. However, now that he works remotely, he feels he has to prove he's been working by getting projects done and sending them to his boss, and he has actually become more productive as a result. Nikola's experience is an example of one of the benefits of __________.

telecommuting

The MOST DRAMATIC change that has occurred in the realm of work since the Information Revolution has been __________.

the increase of information work and the decrease of manual labor work

Corporations such as Coca-Cola and General Electric, which are embedded in countries throughout the world and have a significant impact on the global economy, are referred to as __________.

transnational corporations