Chapter 11 - Organization and Management
Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?
- Deadline-focused - Hurried - Competitive
Which traits are elements of an individual's core self-evaluation?
- Emotional stability - Self-efficacy - Locus of control - Self-esteem
People with high rates of self-efficacy, including generalized self-efficacy, tend to have what characteristics?
- High job performance - Higher rates of motivation
What are the types of employee behavior that managers can influence?
- Performance and productivity - Counterproductive work behaviors - Turnover and absenteeism - Organizational citizenship behavior
Which groups are often incorrectly perceived as having low organizational commitment?
- Pregnant women - Mothers
What are appropriate ways to to self-manage?
- Recognize your physiological responses to triggers. - Recognize words, sayings, and situations that trigger your emotions. - Pause and take deep breaths.
What are examples of work-life conflict?
- Skipping your son's soccer game to attend a work meeting - Missing an afternoon at work because you had to pick up your sick child from school
Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?
- Taking longer lunch breaks - Missed deadlines - Showing indifference to performance
Emotional intelligence reflects the ability to:
- carry out accurate reasoning about emotions - use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought - monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions
Big Five Personality Dimensions
- extroversion - agreeableness - conscientiousness - emotional stability - openness to experience
Behavior is defined as the combination of which two elements?
- judgments - actions
People who feel greater job satisfaction are also likely to experience greater ______.
- motivation - life satisfaction - commitment to the organization
Having a positive approach means that you are are willing to:
- try and suggest new ideas - maintain a positive attitude at work - accept developmental feedback
The perceptual process
1. selective attention 2. interpretation and evaluation 3. storing in memory 4. retrieving from memory to make judgement and decisions
People who are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time have a Type _____ behavior pattern.
A
What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual's disabilities?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
_____ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.
Diversity
_____ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
Employee engagement
_____ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, and/or behavior are superior to those of another culture.
Ethnocentrism
What is the term for the way individuals perceive their ability to perform across a variety of different situations?
Generalized self-efficacy
What is the term for the attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner?
Implicit bias
According to the Pew Research Center, which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades?
More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs.
Distress
Negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness
Which statement about older workers is true?
Older workers are staying in the workforce longer.
What interdisciplinary field is dedicated to understanding and management of people at work?
Organizational behavior
What is the willingness to accept constructive criticism, try and propose new ideas, and maintain a good attitude called?
Positive approach
Eustress
Positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaptation
The self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as the ______________ effect.
Pygmalion
Learned helplessness is associated with which facet of a core self-evaluation?
Self-efficacy
_____ occurs when people's expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is called what?
Self-management
Hassles
Simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked
Strong Stressors
Situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches
Crises
Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire
What is organizational commitment?
The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals
Why is it important to manage employees as individuals who have different personalities and circumstances?
To influence the way employees behave
What term describes retired workers' choice to return to the workforce?
Unretirement
Which assumption about the U.S. workforce is true?
Young college graduates are earning less than they used to.
Employee engagement is defined as
a mental state in which a person performing a work activity is fully immersed in the activity, feeling full of energy and enthusiasm for the work.
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to provide a reasonable _____ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.
accomodation
Values:
are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations
A learned predisposition toward a given object is known as a(n) _________.
attitude
Implicit bias is characterized by the
attitudes and beliefs that we unconsciously hold about groups of people
People's values and attitudes affect their workplace _____, which includes their actions and judgments.
behavior
Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called _____.
buffers
Managers can use introduce ________ to help reduce employees' work stress and improve their well-being.
buffers
When an individual reaches a state of emotional, mental, or even physical exhaustion, it is called _____.
burnout
Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are traits that make up an individual's ______.
core self-evaluation
The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _____.
emotional intelligence
True or false: The term "diversity" is synonymous with differences.
false
Someone who is ethnocentric believes that his or her native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is inferior to those of another culture.
false Someone who is ethnocentric believes that his or her native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior, not inferior, to those of another culture.
The halo effect exists when we
form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.
Simple irritants, such as misplacing your keys or a phone number, are referred to as ______.
hassles
The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as ______.
learned helplessness
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called ______.
perception
The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identity are known as _____.
personality
Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and ______ behavior.
predicts
The recency effect is defined as the tendency to
remember recent information better than earlier information.
The extent to which you feel positive or negative about the various aspects of your work is called job ______.
satisfaction
The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as ______.
self-efficacy
The belief in one's ability to complete a task is called __.
self-efficacy
Personality is defined as the
stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity.
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics you believe are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is known as _____.
stereotyping
_________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
stress
Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) _____.
stressor
The personality dimensions of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are referred to as _____.
the Big Five personality dimensions
conscientiousness
the extent to which a person is dependable, reliable and responsible
openness to experience
the extent to which a person is imaginative, curious and broad-minded
extroversion
the extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable, and assertive
emotional stability
the extent to which a person is relaxed, secure and unworried
aggreeableness
the extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured
Forming a positive impression of an individual based on a single trait is called _____.
the halo effect
Abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior in all situations are called ______.
values
When the demands or pressures from work and family domains are mutually incompatible, a person is experiencing ______-life conflict.
work