Chapter 11 - Organization and Management

Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?

- Deadline-focused - Hurried - Competitive

Which traits are elements of an individual's core self-evaluation?

- Emotional stability - Self-efficacy - Locus of control - Self-esteem

People with high rates of self-efficacy, including generalized self-efficacy, tend to have what characteristics?

- High job performance - Higher rates of motivation

What are the types of employee behavior that managers can influence?

- Performance and productivity - Counterproductive work behaviors - Turnover and absenteeism - Organizational citizenship behavior

Which groups are often incorrectly perceived as having low organizational commitment?

- Pregnant women - Mothers

What are appropriate ways to to self-manage?

- Recognize your physiological responses to triggers. - Recognize words, sayings, and situations that trigger your emotions. - Pause and take deep breaths.

What are examples of work-life conflict?

- Skipping your son's soccer game to attend a work meeting - Missing an afternoon at work because you had to pick up your sick child from school

Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?

- Taking longer lunch breaks - Missed deadlines - Showing indifference to performance

Emotional intelligence reflects the ability to:

- carry out accurate reasoning about emotions - use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought - monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions

Big Five Personality Dimensions

- extroversion - agreeableness - conscientiousness - emotional stability - openness to experience

Behavior is defined as the combination of which two elements?

- judgments - actions

People who feel greater job satisfaction are also likely to experience greater ______.

- motivation - life satisfaction - commitment to the organization

Having a positive approach means that you are are willing to:

- try and suggest new ideas - maintain a positive attitude at work - accept developmental feedback

The perceptual process

1. selective attention 2. interpretation and evaluation 3. storing in memory 4. retrieving from memory to make judgement and decisions

People who are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time have a Type _____ behavior pattern.

A

What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual's disabilities?

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

_____ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.

Diversity

_____ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.

Employee engagement

_____ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, and/or behavior are superior to those of another culture.

Ethnocentrism

What is the term for the way individuals perceive their ability to perform across a variety of different situations?

Generalized self-efficacy

What is the term for the attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner?

Implicit bias

According to the Pew Research Center, which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades?

More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs.

Distress

Negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness

Which statement about older workers is true?

Older workers are staying in the workforce longer.

What interdisciplinary field is dedicated to understanding and management of people at work?

Organizational behavior

What is the willingness to accept constructive criticism, try and propose new ideas, and maintain a good attitude called?

Positive approach

Eustress

Positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaptation

The self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as the ______________ effect.

Pygmalion

Learned helplessness is associated with which facet of a core self-evaluation?

Self-efficacy

_____ occurs when people's expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is called what?

Self-management

Hassles

Simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked

Strong Stressors

Situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches

Crises

Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire

What is organizational commitment?

The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals

Why is it important to manage employees as individuals who have different personalities and circumstances?

To influence the way employees behave

What term describes retired workers' choice to return to the workforce?

Unretirement

Which assumption about the U.S. workforce is true?

Young college graduates are earning less than they used to.

Employee engagement is defined as

a mental state in which a person performing a work activity is fully immersed in the activity, feeling full of energy and enthusiasm for the work.

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to provide a reasonable _____ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.

accomodation

Values:

are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations

A learned predisposition toward a given object is known as a(n) _________.

attitude

Implicit bias is characterized by the

attitudes and beliefs that we unconsciously hold about groups of people

People's values and attitudes affect their workplace _____, which includes their actions and judgments.

behavior

Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called _____.

buffers

Managers can use introduce ________ to help reduce employees' work stress and improve their well-being.

buffers

When an individual reaches a state of emotional, mental, or even physical exhaustion, it is called _____.

burnout

Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are traits that make up an individual's ______.

core self-evaluation

The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _____.

emotional intelligence

True or false: The term "diversity" is synonymous with differences.

false

Someone who is ethnocentric believes that his or her native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is inferior to those of another culture.

false Someone who is ethnocentric believes that his or her native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior, not inferior, to those of another culture.

The halo effect exists when we

form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.

Simple irritants, such as misplacing your keys or a phone number, are referred to as ______.

hassles

The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as ______.

learned helplessness

The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called ______.

perception

The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identity are known as _____.

personality

Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and ______ behavior.

predicts

The recency effect is defined as the tendency to

remember recent information better than earlier information.

The extent to which you feel positive or negative about the various aspects of your work is called job ______.

satisfaction

The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as ______.

self-efficacy

The belief in one's ability to complete a task is called __.

self-efficacy

Personality is defined as the

stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity.

The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics you believe are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is known as _____.

stereotyping

_________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.

stress

Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) _____.

stressor

The personality dimensions of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are referred to as _____.

the Big Five personality dimensions

conscientiousness

the extent to which a person is dependable, reliable and responsible

openness to experience

the extent to which a person is imaginative, curious and broad-minded

extroversion

the extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable, and assertive

emotional stability

the extent to which a person is relaxed, secure and unworried

aggreeableness

the extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured

Forming a positive impression of an individual based on a single trait is called _____.

the halo effect

Abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior in all situations are called ______.

values

When the demands or pressures from work and family domains are mutually incompatible, a person is experiencing ______-life conflict.

work