Chapter 11 Part 2 Anatomy

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance?

10%% change in vessel diameter

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?

renal artery

The brachial vein ________.

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________.

arteries

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media?

artery

What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck?

common carotid artery

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.

hepatic portal vein

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

hypertension (high blood pressure)

Which vessels drain blood from organs of the pelvic cavity?

internal iliac veins

Tunica ________, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

media

The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________.

microcirculation

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?

right common carotid artery

total peripheral resistance

the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels.

arteries

the aorta is classified as one of these vessels

blood pressure

the force of the blood against the vessel wall.

blood viscosity

the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past eachother.

cardiac output

the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute.

arteries

these vessels carry blood away from the heart

arteries

these vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media

veins

these vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood

veins

these vessels return blood to the heart

Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries.

true

Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae.

true

Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima.

true

The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.

umbilical vein

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

venae cavae

capillaries

venules drain these tiny vessels

Which arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the cranial cavity?

internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.

neck

The pressure that draws fluid into capillaries since blood has a higher solute concentration than interstitial fluid is known as ________.

osmotic pressure

The largest artery in the body is the ________.

aorta

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?

aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

Where is the hepatic portal vein located?

between the stomach, intestines, and the liver

veins

blood pressure in these vessels is low

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.

blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________.

common iliac vein

Which of the following is the correct order of events?

coronary atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.

peripheral resistance

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.

pulmonary

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

valves

A pulmonary embolism can be a direct result from which of the following conditions?

varicose veins

The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________.

vasoconstriction

Which of these will increase arterial blood pressure (BP)?

vasoconstriction of arteries

Which of the following will reduce blood pressure?

decreasing peripheral resistance

Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall?

desmosomes

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.

foramen ovale

What is a possible complication to arteriosclerosis?

heart attack

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing essential hypertension?

All of the listed responses are risk factors for developing essential hypertension.

The portion of the aorta in the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the thoracic aorta.

False

A person notices his or her heart beat because he or she senses blood being pumped by the heart. Excessive caffeine intake can lead to irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that patients perceive as "skipped beats." Given that caffeine is a stimulant, which of the following mechanisms best explains the reason for the feeling that the heart skipped a beat?

Purkinje fibers initiate spontaneous action potentials, which cause the ventricles to contract early.

During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170%% to meet the body's increased O2O2 demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40%%. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn't reach dangerously high levels during exercise?

Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle.

What is the ultimate cause of orthostatic hypotension?

a slowly reactive sympathetic nervous system

After listening to Janetta's heart for several seconds, her doctor told Janetta that she has an incompetent right atrioventricular (AV) valve. What did Janetta's doctor hear that led to that conclusion?

a swishing sound

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.

blood vessel diameter

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

celiac artery

The organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ________.

kidneys

Where is the radial artery located?

lateral forearm

What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system?

little to no effect

What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?

liver

As part of a blood drive on campus for the American Red Cross, you and your friends have just donated 500 mlml of blood. You are now relaxing at the student lounge, waiting for A&P lab to begin. Unfortunately, even though you are thirsty, you haven't bothered to buy yourself a drink. Other than a little soreness of the skin and tissue around your median cubital vein, you feel fine. How has your 500 mlml decrease in blood volume most likely affected your cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume

capillaries

nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels

Veins ________.

often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

The umbilical vein carries ________.

oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

The anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system causes contraction of the ventricles to begin at the apex and move superiorly. Why is this important?

so blood is forced upward, toward the semilunar valves

veins

some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent back flow

Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary?

special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important

veins

superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

superior vena cava

Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.

true

In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.

true

The common iliac vein drains blood into the inferior vena cava.

true

The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.

true

The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

true

When precapillary sphincters are closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells.

true

What is a common cause of valvular stenosis?

endocarditis

Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction.

false

Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.

false

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver.

false

The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.

false

The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.

false