Chapter 11 Questions

Outside the hospital, the preferred method of giving oxygen to patients who are experiencing significant respiratory distress.

nonrebreathing mask

Action

Effect that a drug is expected to have.

Unintended effects

Effects that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patients.

Capsules

Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication.

Which medication comes in the gel form?

Glucose

Which is considered a relative contraindication to administration of aspirin?

History of asthma.

Intraosseous

Into the bone

The most common technique for naloxone administration is via the?

Intransal route

The fastest way to deliver a chemical substance?

Intravenous route

Topical Medications

Lotions, creams, ointments

Enternal

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.

You are managing a 62-year-old woman who complains of crushing chest pain. Her blood pressure is 84/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. Medical control advises you to assist her in taking her prescribed nitroglycerin. After receiving this order, you should:

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator and lowers blood pressure (BP); therefore, it should not be given to patients with a systolic BP less than 100 mm Hg. If you receive an order to give nitroglycerin to a patient with a systolic BP less than 100 mm Hg, you should ensure that the physician is aware of the patient's BP, then reconfirm the order.

Which of the following patients is the BEST candidate for oral glucose?

Oral glucose is given to diabetic patients with suspected or documented hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It should not be given to unconscious patients or those who are otherwise unable to swallow because it may be aspirated into the lungs.

Activated Charcoal

Oral medication that binds and absorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses.

Pharmacology is defined as the:

Pharmacology is the field of science that deals with the study of drugs and medications.

Absorbtion

Process by which medications travel through body tissues.

Indication

Reason for which a medication is given.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine?

Secreted naturally by the pituitary gland.

Contraindication

Situation in which a drug should not be given.

Which of the following routes of administration involves medication being absorbed om the fat tissue between the skin and muscle?

Subcutaneous

Nitroglycerin is usually taken?

Sublingually

Epinephrine

The main hormone that controls the body's fight or flight response.

When administered to a patient, a metered-dose inhaler will:

The metered-dose inhaler (MDI) delivers the same dose of medication each time it is used. Drugs given via the MDI act very quickly and are commonly prescribed to patients with asthma, emphysema, and other airway diseases.

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called absorption. Adsorption refers to the binding of one chemical to another. Activated charcoal, for example, delays absorption of certain chemicals into the bloodstream because it adsorbs (binds to) them in the stomach.

Pharmacology

The science of drugs and their ingredients, uses, and actions.

Epinephrine is given to patients with anaphylactic shock because of its effects of:

The two major complications associated with anaphylactic shock are bronchoconstriction, which impairs air move-ment in and out of the lungs, and vasodilation, which causes a drop in blood pressure. Epinephrine reverses these processes by causing bronchodilation and vasoconstriction, thereby improving breathing and increasing the blood pressure, respectively.

oral

Through the mouth.

Perrectum

Through the rectum.

Adsorption

To bind or stick to a surface.

The brand name that a manufacturer gives to a medication is called the _____?

Trade Name

The government publication listing all drugs in the United States is called?

United States Pharmacopoeia

Medication

A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.

Intranasal

A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the nare.

Mad

A device that changes liquid medication into a spray and pushes it into a nostril.

Solution

A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.

Agonist

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.

MDI

A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled.

Suspension

A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but that so not dissolve.

Gel

A semi liquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

Activated charcoal is indicated for patients who have ingested certain drugs and toxins because it:

Activated charcoal is an adsorbent—that is, it binds to harmful chemicals that have been ingested. This binding effect delays digestion and absorption of the chemical by the body.

What is taken into consideration when determining the dose of a medicine?

Age

What medication is commonly administered in a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?

Albuterol

Dose

Amount of medication given on the basis of the patient's size and age.

Inhalation

Breathing into the lungs.

Side effect

Any action of a drug other than the desired one.

With regard to pharmacology, the term "action" refers to the:

As it applies to pharmacology, the term "action" refers to the effect that a drug is expected to have on a patient's body. Prior to administering any drug, the EMT must be aware of its action(s) on the body.

Which of the following routes of medication administration has the fastest effect?

Because its administration is directly into a vein, a drug given intravenously enters the body quickly. The intravenous route is the fastest acting of all the routes of medication administration.

Nitroglycerin relieves pain because its purpose is to increase blood flow by relieving the spasms or causing the arteries to?

Dialate

Nitroglycerin relieves the squeezing or crushing pain associated with angina by:?

Dilating the arteries to increase the oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Solutions

When given by mouth., may be absorbed form the stomach fairly quickly because the medication is already dissolved.

Antagonist

a medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.