Chapter 11 sociology

scapegoat theory

a theory that suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:

stereotyping

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

For a better life and to escape oppression

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

As a white person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:

White privilege

dominant group

a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups

Racism

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others

minority group

any group of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment

Ethnicity describes shared:

beliefs, language, religion

prejudice

biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

Scapegoat theory shows that:

dominate groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

genocide

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

lack of power

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.

melting pot

stereotypes

oversimplified ideas about groups of people

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

pluralism

discrimination

prejudiced action against a group of people

Stereotypes can be based on:

race, ethnicity, gender

institutional racism

racism embedded in social institutions

Ethnicity

shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion, and more

racial steering

the act of real estate agents directing prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

expulsion

the act of the dominant group forcing a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country

Colorism

the belief that one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group

White priveledge

the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group

Pluralism

the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole

sedimentation of racial inequality

the intergenerational impact of de facto and de jure racism that limits the abilities of black people to accumulate wealth

social construction of race

the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable

model minority

the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment

culture of prejudice

the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture

racial profiling

the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop or detain someone

intersection theory

theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes

What is discrimination?

Biased actions against an individual or group

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

Bracero Program

The racial term "African American" can refer to:

a black person living in the United States, people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade, and a white Larson who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States.

subordinate groups

a group of people who have less power than the dominant group

Genocide

the deliberate annihilation of a targeted group

Segregation

the physical separation of two groups particularly in residence but also in workplace and social functions

Redlining

the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and businesss located in predominantly minority communities

amalgamation

the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group

assimilation

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture