Chapter 11 sociology
scapegoat theory
a theory that suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group
Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:
stereotyping
Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"
Asian Americans
Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?
For a better life and to escape oppression
Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.
Islamophobia
Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?
It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.
What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?
Separate but equal
What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?
They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.
As a white person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:
White privilege
dominant group
a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups
Racism
a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others
minority group
any group of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment
Ethnicity describes shared:
beliefs, language, religion
prejudice
biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people
Scapegoat theory shows that:
dominate groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?
genocide
What is the one defining feature of a minority group?
lack of power
Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.
melting pot
stereotypes
oversimplified ideas about groups of people
What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?
pluralism
discrimination
prejudiced action against a group of people
Stereotypes can be based on:
race, ethnicity, gender
institutional racism
racism embedded in social institutions
Ethnicity
shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion, and more
racial steering
the act of real estate agents directing prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race
expulsion
the act of the dominant group forcing a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country
Colorism
the belief that one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group
White priveledge
the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group
Pluralism
the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole
sedimentation of racial inequality
the intergenerational impact of de facto and de jure racism that limits the abilities of black people to accumulate wealth
social construction of race
the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable
model minority
the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment
culture of prejudice
the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture
racial profiling
the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop or detain someone
intersection theory
theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes
What is discrimination?
Biased actions against an individual or group
Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?
Blacks under apartheid in South Africa
Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?
Bracero Program
The racial term "African American" can refer to:
a black person living in the United States, people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade, and a white Larson who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States.
subordinate groups
a group of people who have less power than the dominant group
Genocide
the deliberate annihilation of a targeted group
Segregation
the physical separation of two groups particularly in residence but also in workplace and social functions
Redlining
the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and businesss located in predominantly minority communities
amalgamation
the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group
assimilation
the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture
