Chapter 11: water and major minerals
Which of the following is NOT a function of water within the body? A- bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body. B- bodily fluids help lubricate body tissue. C- Bodily fluids serve as the basis for excretion of waste products from the body. D- Bodily fluids serve as the basis for saliva, bile, and amniotic fluid.
Bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body.
The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when A-fluid losses are minimal B-fluid intake is limited C-fluid intake is excessive D-fluid loss is great.
Fluid intake is limited Fluid loss is great.
Which type of water contains calcium, magnesium, and iron? A- soft water B- Hard water
Hard water
The term that describes the body's water status is called ___________
Hydration
Which type of tissue contains more water? A- fat tissue B- lean muscle C- Bone
Lean muscle
Calcium is the most abundant mineral stored in the body. The second most abundant mineral stored in the body is __________.. Both are predominantly stored in the bones.
Phosphorus
Table salt is chemically known as ___
Sodium chloride
The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine. A- smell B- volume C- Color D- taster
Volume and color
The blood pressure reading that represent the pressure in an artery when the ventricles relax between contractions is called the _______
diastolic pressure
Treatments of hypertension
dietary modification taking prescriptions medications managing stress.
Regular blood pressure screening is the best way to detect
hypertension
The condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called ______
hypertension
Intracellular water is water that is A- inside the cell B- outside the cell
inside the cell
Taking single mineral supplements is not recommended because an excess of one mineral can A- interfere with the metabolism of another mineral B- destroy another mineral C- interfere with the absorption of another mineral D- increase the absorption of another mineral.
interfere with the metabolism of another minera
Water that is formed inside cells as by product of metabolism is called __________
metabolic water
A person with _______is taking four or more medications to control their hypertension. A-nonessential hypertension B- hypotension C- esstensial hypertension D-resistant hypertension
resistant hypertension
The Primary and initial sign of dehydration is _______________
weight loss
The adequate intake for total water approximately ____ cups per day for young women. A-9 B-13 C-11
11 cups
Ranking water loss in the body
1- urine 2- feces 3- insensible perspiration 4- expired air
The adequate intake for total water intake is ____ cups per day for young adult men and _____per day for young women. A-9, 7 B-15.5, 11 C-8, 5
15.5 and 11
Risk factors for developing hypertension include_________ A- having African-American ancestry B- smoking cigarettes C- being physically active D- being obese
A, b, and C
How does alcohol lead to dehydration? A- Alcohol inhibits ADH retention B- Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion C- A person drinking alcohol loses the stimulus to drink other fluids.
Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion
Which of the following are major minerals? A- calcium B- sodium C- iron D- potassium
Calcium, sodium, and potassium
Major deficiency signs and symptom
Calcium- risk of osteoporosis and hypertension Sodium- muscle cramps Potassium- irregular heartbeat and muscle cramps
Which of the following is a trace mineral? A- sodium B- iodine C- sulfur D- chloride
Iodine
True or false: Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet.
True
True or false: Taking single vitamin high-dose supplements of iron can be dangerous and is often unnecessary.
True
Recommendation for total____ intake vary because factors such as environmental temperature, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements. A-calcium B-iron C- water D- protein
Water
Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt
adding salt to food preparation, during the process and the table.
Table salt is composed of sodium and _____ A- calcium B- potassium C-chloride D- phosphate
chloride
Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance is the body A- electrolytes B- protons C- ions D- electrons
electrolytes and ions
The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when___ A- fluid loses are minimal B- fluid intake is excessive C- fluid intake is limited D- fluid loss is great
fluid intake is limited fluid loss is great
People with hypertension are at an increased risk of A-kidney failure B-heart disease C-kidney cancel D-stroke
kidney failure, heart disease, and stroke
Common signs of dehydration include A- low urine volume B- dark colored urine C- increased tears D- dry mouth
low urine volume dark colored urine dry mouth
Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulfer are minerals that are catergorized as A- non essential minerals B- trace minerals D- major minerals
major minerals
Blood pressure increases as we age most likely because _______ A-our bones become more weak and brittle B_ of stiffening of the arteries C-our kidneys excrete more sodium D-we lose more muscle mass
of stiffening of the arteries
For every half liter of water the body loses, this represents _____ pounds of body weight
one
A prepared solution of water and electrolytes used to treat dehydration is called _________
oral dehydration therapy
The passage of a solvent such as water through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated compartment to a more concentrated compartment is called______ A- electrolytes B- ion movement C- solubility D- osmosis
osmosis
Overall, minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants because binders such as __________ are not present to hinder absorption. A- oxalic acid B- phytic acid C- vitamin C D- protein
oxalic and phytic acid
Which ions are important in the regulation of intrecellular fluid volume? A- chloride B- phosphate C- potassium D- sodium
phosphate and potassium
Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hypophosphatemia. A-protein B-sodium C-phosphorus D-calcium
phosphorus
Chloride along with sodium an important role in A-enzyme activation B-building strong bones C-the formation of blood clots D-regulating fluid balance
regulating fluid balance
Hypertension is often called the "_______" because high blood pressure generally does not cause symptoms
silent killer
The mineral that plays leading role in the regulation of fluid balance in the body is___
sodium
Diffusion_____ when the concentration of the material on other side of the plasma membrane are equal. A- decreases slowly B- stops C- increases
stops
The major source of chloride in the American diet is ____ A- yogurt B- eggs C- cooked meat D- table salt
table salt
Examples of diuretics include A-tea B-alcohol C-juice D-coffee
tea, alcohol, and coffee
Older adults are at risk for dehydration because they do not sense ____ as accurately as younger adults
thirst
Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body A- only when kidneys aren't functioning properly B- through the production of urine C- but only minimally
through the production of urine
Consumption of water, beverages, and food all contribute to ______
total water intake
The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine A- volume B- taste C- smell D- color
volume and color
The condition that arises when an excessive amount of water is consumed in a short period of time is called
water intoxication