Chapter 11: water and major minerals

Which of the following is NOT a function of water within the body? A- bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body. B- bodily fluids help lubricate body tissue. C- Bodily fluids serve as the basis for excretion of waste products from the body. D- Bodily fluids serve as the basis for saliva, bile, and amniotic fluid.

Bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body.

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when A-fluid losses are minimal B-fluid intake is limited C-fluid intake is excessive D-fluid loss is great.

Fluid intake is limited Fluid loss is great.

Which type of water contains calcium, magnesium, and iron? A- soft water B- Hard water

Hard water

The term that describes the body's water status is called ___________

Hydration

Which type of tissue contains more water? A- fat tissue B- lean muscle C- Bone

Lean muscle

Calcium is the most abundant mineral stored in the body. The second most abundant mineral stored in the body is __________.. Both are predominantly stored in the bones.

Phosphorus

Table salt is chemically known as ___

Sodium chloride

The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine. A- smell B- volume C- Color D- taster

Volume and color

The blood pressure reading that represent the pressure in an artery when the ventricles relax between contractions is called the _______

diastolic pressure

Treatments of hypertension

dietary modification taking prescriptions medications managing stress.

Regular blood pressure screening is the best way to detect

hypertension

The condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called ______

hypertension

Intracellular water is water that is A- inside the cell B- outside the cell

inside the cell

Taking single mineral supplements is not recommended because an excess of one mineral can A- interfere with the metabolism of another mineral B- destroy another mineral C- interfere with the absorption of another mineral D- increase the absorption of another mineral.

interfere with the metabolism of another minera

Water that is formed inside cells as by product of metabolism is called __________

metabolic water

A person with _______is taking four or more medications to control their hypertension. A-nonessential hypertension B- hypotension C- esstensial hypertension D-resistant hypertension

resistant hypertension

The Primary and initial sign of dehydration is _______________

weight loss

The adequate intake for total water approximately ____ cups per day for young women. A-9 B-13 C-11

11 cups

Ranking water loss in the body

1- urine 2- feces 3- insensible perspiration 4- expired air

The adequate intake for total water intake is ____ cups per day for young adult men and _____per day for young women. A-9, 7 B-15.5, 11 C-8, 5

15.5 and 11

Risk factors for developing hypertension include_________ A- having African-American ancestry B- smoking cigarettes C- being physically active D- being obese

A, b, and C

How does alcohol lead to dehydration? A- Alcohol inhibits ADH retention B- Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion C- A person drinking alcohol loses the stimulus to drink other fluids.

Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion

Which of the following are major minerals? A- calcium B- sodium C- iron D- potassium

Calcium, sodium, and potassium

Major deficiency signs and symptom

Calcium- risk of osteoporosis and hypertension Sodium- muscle cramps Potassium- irregular heartbeat and muscle cramps

Which of the following is a trace mineral? A- sodium B- iodine C- sulfur D- chloride

Iodine

True or false: Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet.

True

True or false: Taking single vitamin high-dose supplements of iron can be dangerous and is often unnecessary.

True

Recommendation for total____ intake vary because factors such as environmental temperature, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements. A-calcium B-iron C- water D- protein

Water

Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt

adding salt to food preparation, during the process and the table.

Table salt is composed of sodium and _____ A- calcium B- potassium C-chloride D- phosphate

chloride

Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance is the body A- electrolytes B- protons C- ions D- electrons

electrolytes and ions

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when___ A- fluid loses are minimal B- fluid intake is excessive C- fluid intake is limited D- fluid loss is great

fluid intake is limited fluid loss is great

People with hypertension are at an increased risk of A-kidney failure B-heart disease C-kidney cancel D-stroke

kidney failure, heart disease, and stroke

Common signs of dehydration include A- low urine volume B- dark colored urine C- increased tears D- dry mouth

low urine volume dark colored urine dry mouth

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulfer are minerals that are catergorized as A- non essential minerals B- trace minerals D- major minerals

major minerals

Blood pressure increases as we age most likely because _______ A-our bones become more weak and brittle B_ of stiffening of the arteries C-our kidneys excrete more sodium D-we lose more muscle mass

of stiffening of the arteries

For every half liter of water the body loses, this represents _____ pounds of body weight

one

A prepared solution of water and electrolytes used to treat dehydration is called _________

oral dehydration therapy

The passage of a solvent such as water through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated compartment to a more concentrated compartment is called______ A- electrolytes B- ion movement C- solubility D- osmosis

osmosis

Overall, minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants because binders such as __________ are not present to hinder absorption. A- oxalic acid B- phytic acid C- vitamin C D- protein

oxalic and phytic acid

Which ions are important in the regulation of intrecellular fluid volume? A- chloride B- phosphate C- potassium D- sodium

phosphate and potassium

Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hypophosphatemia. A-protein B-sodium C-phosphorus D-calcium

phosphorus

Chloride along with sodium an important role in A-enzyme activation B-building strong bones C-the formation of blood clots D-regulating fluid balance

regulating fluid balance

Hypertension is often called the "_______" because high blood pressure generally does not cause symptoms

silent killer

The mineral that plays leading role in the regulation of fluid balance in the body is___

sodium

Diffusion_____ when the concentration of the material on other side of the plasma membrane are equal. A- decreases slowly B- stops C- increases

stops

The major source of chloride in the American diet is ____ A- yogurt B- eggs C- cooked meat D- table salt

table salt

Examples of diuretics include A-tea B-alcohol C-juice D-coffee

tea, alcohol, and coffee

Older adults are at risk for dehydration because they do not sense ____ as accurately as younger adults

thirst

Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body A- only when kidneys aren't functioning properly B- through the production of urine C- but only minimally

through the production of urine

Consumption of water, beverages, and food all contribute to ______

total water intake

The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine A- volume B- taste C- smell D- color

volume and color

The condition that arises when an excessive amount of water is consumed in a short period of time is called

water intoxication