Chapter 11

(ch 2) A professor conducts a survey examining the relationship between pessimism and mental-health problems, and the results of her study are depicted in the scatterplot above. Which of the following types of relationship between pessimism and mental-health problems do her data suggest?

A positive correlation

(ch 2) Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?

As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.

Little Andrea has just learned that robins are birds. She now sees a sparrow, points to it, and calls out "Bird!" According to Jean Piaget, Andrea is showing the cognitive process of Responses

Assimilation

According to Diana Baumrind, which of the following is a parenting style that, among children raised in the United States, is most closely associated with the development of self-reliance and confidence?

Authoritative

Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille's behavior?

Erik Erikson

Rik, who is an adolescent, was always studious and quiet throughout childhood. His parents are concerned because he suddenly dyed his hair, pierced his tongue, and started hanging out with a different crowd. A few months later, he tried out for the football team and became so active in sports that he neglected his schoolwork. According to psychologists, which of the following would best explain Rik's changes in behavior?

He is going through the process of exploring his identity that many adolescents experience.

A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson's stage of development?

Industry vs. Inferiority

(ch 2) According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research.

(ch 2) 12, 3, 3, 4, 8 What is the mean of the set of numbers above?

Mean: average = 6

(ch 2) 3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mean for these data?

Mean: find average = 6.4

(ch 2) 3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mode for these data?

Mode : most common = 7

When ten-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, she looks to see where it falls. Developmental psychologists would say that Frances' behavior indicates that she has developed

Object permanence

(ch 2) In data set B, the range is

Range = largest - smallest: 4 (20-16)

Melissa reads in a parenting magazine that the average age at which children first walk on their own is twelve months old, and most children walk within the range of nine to seventeen months old. The article is discussing the concept of

developmental norms

(ch 2) In a research study, informed consent is a concern of

ethics

in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to

express happiness when the mother returned to the room

Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

formal operations

Infants are repeatedly shown an object dropping onto a platform. Eventually, the infants spend less time looking at the object, and their heart rates and respirations decrease. This is an example of Responses

habituation

(ch 2) The generalizability of a study increases when

the sample is more representative of the population

Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's development theory is based on the argument that Kohlberg's

theory underestimates the capabilities of infants and children