Chapter 11/12

A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is

12-16 g/dl

A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells.

260 million

Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body.

33 percent

The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent.

42

Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.

5-6

When the heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 80 mL, what is cardiac output?

5600 mL/min

Robin has Rh-negative blood. During her first pregnancy she carries an Rh-positive infant. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-positive pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood?

No blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood.

The pacemaker of the heart is normally the

SA node.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis?

active lifestyle

The major symptom of leukemia is

appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells.

The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are

arteries.

Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called

atrial systole.

When the cardiac cycle begins, the

atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed.

The first "lubb" heart sound is associated with

atrioventricular valves closing.

A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is

balloon angioplasty and stent placement.

The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are

capillaries.

The pressure needed to force blood through all of the peripheral capillaries is

capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Blood is a type of ________ tissue.

connective

The final step in the coagulation phase is

conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

The tissue damage characteristic of malaria is caused by

damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to vital organs.

The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry

deoxygenated blood from the heart.

The right atrium receives

deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n)

embolus.

The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is the

fossa ovalis.

Oxyhemoglobin consists of

four oxygen molecules and four hemes.

The best description of the heart is that it is

four paired pumps.

The abundant protein component of red blood cells is

hemoglobin

A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is

hemophilia

As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance

increases.

Red blood cells travelling through veins

lack oxygen and are burgundy.

The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery.

left coronary

The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the

ligamentum arteriosum.

The blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are

muscular arteries.

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

neural processing

The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the

neutrophil.

Platelets circulate for

nine to twelve days

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon angioplasty?

non-invasive

When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________.

open; closed

The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called

pericardial fluid

Which of the following is a role of capillaries?

permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

The formed elements with a role in blood clotting are

platelets.

The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit.

pulmonary

The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit

pulmonary

The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the

pulmonary circuit.

The most abundant formed elements are

red blood cells.

Blood is able to raise body temperature by

redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to temperature sensitive organs

Platelets trigger coagulation by

releasing clotting factors.

Problems do NOT develop for Rh-negative mothers during their first pregnancy with an Rh-positive child because

sensitization has not occurred.

A condition characterized by multiplication of a pathogen in blood is called

septicemia.

The average pH of blood falls in a range of

slightly alkaline.

The bone lying anterior to the heart is the

sternum.

Cardiac output depends on

stroke volume and heart rate.

The right atrium receives blood from the

superior and inferior vena cava.

The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit.

systemic

An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

tachycardia

A typical bioprosthetic valve will provide service for approximately

ten years.

Arterial blood is bright red because

the hemes carry oxygen.

During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ________ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases ________.

three-fold; ten-fold

Which of the following structures is NOT contained in the mediastinum?

thyroid

The right atrioventricular valve is the

tricuspid.

Individuals with sickle cell anemia have inherited

two copies of the sickling gene.

A typical red blood cell lasts

two to three months.

Which of the following is NOT an important functional aspect of the biconcave design of red blood cells?

undergo cell division quickly and efficiently

A midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart

unequally, with most lying on the left side

Weak venous valves can result in

varicose veins

Local contraction of smooth muscle in response to damage is called

vascular spasm.

The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the

veins

The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is

venous return.

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to

ventricular diastole.

The serous membrane covering the heart is the

visceral pericardium.

Blood that has an unaltered composition is called

whole blood.

If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the

AV node.

A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n)

ECG.

A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is

arteriosclerosis.

Expandable extensions of the atrium are called

auricles.

The clotting pathways require large amounts of

calcium.

The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the

coronary arteries.

The veins of the systemic circuit carry

deoxygenated blood to the heart.

The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called

fibrinogen.

The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the

hematocrit.

Adult males typically have ________ packed cell volumes than females because they have more ________.

higher; androgens

Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called

infarction.

Anemia can result from inadequate

iron.

A common location for venipuncture is the

median cubital vein.

The thickest layer of the heart is the

myocardium.

Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called

vasodilation.

The afferent vessels of the heart are

veins

The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to

walk to contract leg skeletal muscles.