Chapter 11/12
A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is
12-16 g/dl
A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells.
260 million
Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body.
33 percent
The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent.
42
Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.
5-6
When the heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 80 mL, what is cardiac output?
5600 mL/min
Robin has Rh-negative blood. During her first pregnancy she carries an Rh-positive infant. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-positive pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood?
No blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood.
The pacemaker of the heart is normally the
SA node.
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis?
active lifestyle
The major symptom of leukemia is
appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells.
The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are
arteries.
Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called
atrial systole.
When the cardiac cycle begins, the
atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed.
The first "lubb" heart sound is associated with
atrioventricular valves closing.
A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is
balloon angioplasty and stent placement.
The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are
capillaries.
The pressure needed to force blood through all of the peripheral capillaries is
capillary hydrostatic pressure.
Blood is a type of ________ tissue.
connective
The final step in the coagulation phase is
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
The tissue damage characteristic of malaria is caused by
damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to vital organs.
The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart.
The right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.
A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n)
embolus.
The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is the
fossa ovalis.
Oxyhemoglobin consists of
four oxygen molecules and four hemes.
The best description of the heart is that it is
four paired pumps.
The abundant protein component of red blood cells is
hemoglobin
A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is
hemophilia
As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance
increases.
Red blood cells travelling through veins
lack oxygen and are burgundy.
The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery.
left coronary
The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the
ligamentum arteriosum.
The blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are
muscular arteries.
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
neural processing
The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the
neutrophil.
Platelets circulate for
nine to twelve days
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon angioplasty?
non-invasive
When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________.
open; closed
The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called
pericardial fluid
Which of the following is a role of capillaries?
permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids
The formed elements with a role in blood clotting are
platelets.
The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit.
pulmonary
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit
pulmonary
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the
pulmonary circuit.
The most abundant formed elements are
red blood cells.
Blood is able to raise body temperature by
redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to temperature sensitive organs
Platelets trigger coagulation by
releasing clotting factors.
Problems do NOT develop for Rh-negative mothers during their first pregnancy with an Rh-positive child because
sensitization has not occurred.
A condition characterized by multiplication of a pathogen in blood is called
septicemia.
The average pH of blood falls in a range of
slightly alkaline.
The bone lying anterior to the heart is the
sternum.
Cardiac output depends on
stroke volume and heart rate.
The right atrium receives blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava.
The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit.
systemic
An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called
tachycardia
A typical bioprosthetic valve will provide service for approximately
ten years.
Arterial blood is bright red because
the hemes carry oxygen.
During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ________ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases ________.
three-fold; ten-fold
Which of the following structures is NOT contained in the mediastinum?
thyroid
The right atrioventricular valve is the
tricuspid.
Individuals with sickle cell anemia have inherited
two copies of the sickling gene.
A typical red blood cell lasts
two to three months.
Which of the following is NOT an important functional aspect of the biconcave design of red blood cells?
undergo cell division quickly and efficiently
A midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart
unequally, with most lying on the left side
Weak venous valves can result in
varicose veins
Local contraction of smooth muscle in response to damage is called
vascular spasm.
The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the
veins
The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is
venous return.
The T wave of an ECG corresponds to
ventricular diastole.
The serous membrane covering the heart is the
visceral pericardium.
Blood that has an unaltered composition is called
whole blood.
If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the
AV node.
A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n)
ECG.
A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is
arteriosclerosis.
Expandable extensions of the atrium are called
auricles.
The clotting pathways require large amounts of
calcium.
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the
coronary arteries.
The veins of the systemic circuit carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart.
The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called
fibrinogen.
The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the
hematocrit.
Adult males typically have ________ packed cell volumes than females because they have more ________.
higher; androgens
Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called
infarction.
Anemia can result from inadequate
iron.
A common location for venipuncture is the
median cubital vein.
The thickest layer of the heart is the
myocardium.
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called
vasodilation.
The afferent vessels of the heart are
veins
The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to
walk to contract leg skeletal muscles.