Chapter 12, 13, and 14 Revel Questions
Rhetorician Richard Weaver describes two types of terms that should be avoided because of the potential to easily lead (or mislead) people without critical reflection. They are _____. "ethnic" terms and "cultural" terms "stereotypical terms" and "negative terms" "masculine" terms and "feminine" terms "god terms" and "devil terms"
"god terms" and "devil terms"
It is evident that mass media play an important role in our society when you realize that nearly _____ of Americans received news of the 2016 presidential election from their televisions. 85 percent 25 percent 100 percent 45 percent
85 percent
Who believed that speakers needed to learn "all available means of persuasion in a given situation"? Cicero Plato Aristotle St. Augustine
Aristotle
The group of Internet-based applications known as social media that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content includes _____. Facebook video conferencing text messages email
G, PG, PG-13, R, and NC-17 are all movie ratings created by the _____ in the late 1960s. TV Parental Guidelines Board FCC Hays Office MPAA
MPAA
Complaints about content in television shows and its influence on children led to the creation of the _____. MANAA, GLAAD, and LULAC organizations MPAA Hays Code TV Parental Guidelines
TV Parental Guidelines
The Amazing Race, Grey's Anatomy, and Scandal are all products of ABC Studios, a television production company. This is an example of _____. a culture industry a medium a mass market a rhetorical industry
a culture industry
n April 2011, when broadcast networks carried the wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton live on television in lieu of regular programming, this was an example of _____. media hegemony media monitoring media economics a media event
a media event
A rhetor is understood to be _____. an informed consumer of rhetorical discourse a person or institution that addresses the public or an audience an individual who is especially skilled at the nuances of public speaking a person seeking to persuade a friend
a person or institution that addresses the public or an audience
Spencer is seeking out those media that meet his needs and avoids others. He also considers the basis for his media choices. Spenser is being a(n) _____. content analyst active agent media critic media activist
active agent
Those who actively seek some media messages and resist others in a media-rich environment are referred to as _____. media activists message encoders agenda setters active agents
active agents
When scholars focus on audience perceptions of reality and attempt to discover how or whether media coverage correlates with changing audience perceptions, they are using _____ research. media hegemony agenda-setting content analysis media event
agenda-setting
The Village Voice out of New York City is an example of _____ press because it attempts to present no-holds-barred reporting and criticism that traditional newspapers typically avoid. pulp alternative yellow mainstream
alternative
The means through which a rhetor gains the trust of an audience and designs credible messages was identified by Aristotle as _____. artistic proofs social positioning sophistry rhetorical abilities
artistic proofs
Seymour is preparing a speech about nanotechnology. He asks himself, "What does my audience know about this topic? What do they need to know?" He also tries to determine what his listeners expect from his presentation and what characteristics they might share. What is Seymour doing to help prepare for his speech? organizing the message identifying a specific purpose audience analysis finding supporting materials
audience analysis
Juanita decided to watch the conservative news channel rather than the liberal-based channel her father preferred. When she chose which channel to watch, she was _____. assessing the media text behaving as an active agent demonstrating ethnocentrism using selective exposure
behaving as an active agent
In high school, Roxy only watched three channels, all of which showed reality television programs. But now that Roxy is in college, she wants to become involved in a range of new media outlets and subject matter. What is this process called? broadening your horizons being an active agent challenging the messages you receive talking back
broadening your horizons
The rise of _____ with specialized content has taken significant market share away from traditional broadcast networks such as ABC, CBS, and NBC. magazines cable television satellite radio online newspapers
cable television
According to rhetorical scholar Lloyd Bitzer, only those people who _____ are part of the rhetorical audience. can attend a live speech to hear the message are in a low social position can take the appropriate action in response to a message are considered rhetors
can take the appropriate action in response to a message
During her presentation to the village board, Cara explained that the potholes on the street leading to her house had become so deep that four of the residents had to replace tires on their cars. She then proposed that the village reimburse them because the village had failed to maintain the street. Which organizational pattern did Cara use for her speech? topical chronological cause-effect spatial
cause-effect
Interactive media messages differ from mass media messages in that _____. they utilize mediated communication messages involve two or more people messages go from a sender to a receiver communication goes both ways
communication goes both ways
In a persuasive speech, you will challenge your audience to take action during your _____. introduction signposts and transitions speech body conclusion
conclusion
We currently use communication technologies primarily for _____ and consuming content. forming cultural identities creative exploration developing consensus connecting with others
connecting with others
What should a researcher use when trying to determine how many gay and lesbian couples appear on The Amazing Race television show? content analysis hegemony selective exposure an active agent
content analysis
_____ became popular with the work of Harold Laswell and his colleagues, who were concerned with "propaganda and public opinion and the emergence of radio as a great mass medium of communication." Selective exposure theory Content analysis Cultivation theory Agenda-setting capacity
content analysis
When Dana wants to travel to Peru to participate in a medical mission trip, she wants to learn more about the country and culture by appealing to friends on Facebook and Snapchat—some of whom have traveled to South America. What is Dana utilizing to achieve her goal? crowdsourcing echo chamber syndrome search engines civic engagement
crowdsourcing
Maria told her mother that she was sure she was going to be diagnosed with cancer someday because every news report she heard talked about how the food you eat causes cancer and the electronics you use cause cancer. Which theory explains Maria's belief? content dissonance cultivation hegemony
cultivation
When members of the school board argue about the best ways to spend taxpayer dollars, they are engaging in _____ rhetoric. forensic epideictic deliberative democratic
deliberative
When former Vice President Al Gore advocates for passage of environmental initiatives designed to reduce global warming, he is engaged in _____. forensic rhetoric visual rhetoric deliberative rhetoric epideictic rhetoric
deliberative rhetoric
Communication scholar Douglas Ehninger suggested that throughout history people have had _____ ideas of what rhetoric is and the purpose it serves. consistent similar different erroneous
different
Charlotte and George are teenagers that exhibit aggressive behavior. They consciously seek out violent and aggressive media, which reinforces their violent behavior. Charlotte and George are following the pattern of the _____ model. linear communication downward spiral active agent uses and gratifications
downward spiral
A speaker's good sense, moral character, and goodwill are all components of his or her _____. ethos logos eros pathos
ethos
Kendrick told the audience that his love of country came from his grandfather and father before him who had enlisted in the army and served in battles that kept America free. Which artistic proof is Kendrick using in his speech? mythos pathos ethos logos
ethos
The social position from which a rhetor speaks is related to the concept of _____. eros pathos ethos logos
ethos
Forensic rhetoric is used to address _____. values and beliefs possible future actions events that happened in the past affirmation of cultural values
events that happened in the past
The form of rhetoric that is used in courts and addresses events that happened in the past is called _____ rhetoric. deliberative judicial epideictic forensic
forensic
A speaker must select one of three goals for a speech—to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. The goal that the speaker chooses is known as the _____. general purpose thesis specific purpose demographic analysis
general purpose
The first task of a public speaker is to identify his or her _____. specific purpose general purpose intended audience speech title
general purpose
A rhetorical event is one that _____. allows everyone to voice an opinion justifies or explains the past permanently changes the world generates a significant amount of public discourse
generates a significant amount of public discourse
In the 1950s, television fathers were presented as 9-to-5 workers who came home, poured a drink, and waited for their wives to serve them dinner. Today, a television father might be one who stays at home with the children while his wife heads out the door to work. Viewers who watch these representations accept these different ideas of fathers. What explains this acceptance? hegemony selective exposure cognitive dissonance uses and gratifications
hegemony
Rhetoric's important social functions include supporting a vital democracy, helping people seek justice, and _____. helping individuals clarify their own beliefs and actions enabling us to speak authoritatively about communication separating the leaders from the followers improving our chances of academic success
helping individuals clarify their own beliefs and actions
Shawna watches Saturday Night Live each week because all her coworkers watch it and then she has something to talk with them about at lunch. Which of the four general uses and gratifications for media texts is Shawna exhibiting? integration and social interaction personal identity entertainment information
integration and social interaction
If we watch a football game in order to discuss the game with our friends, we are using media for _____; if we watch the game alone and strictly for pleasure, we are using media for _____. information; personal identity integration and social interaction; entertainment personal identity; integration and social interaction entertainment; information
integration and social interaction; entertainment
When one is immersed in the media environment, one is _____, meaning that one participates in the communication process by selecting certain programs and agreeing or disagreeing with what is heard or seen. creating receiving disengaging interacting
interacting
_____ refers to a collection of mediated communication technologies that are digital and converging and tend to be mobile. Social media Mass media Public media Interactive media
interactive media
What was the purpose of the Hays Code? It established the motion picture rating system of G, PG, and R to assist consumers with making movie selections. It introduced the V-chip, which indicated the appropriateness of a television program for young children. It established strict guidelines for film content with the intent of creating wholesome entertainment. It granted first-use rights to television stations over all other forms of media.
it established strict guidelines for film content with the intent of creating wholesome entertainment
When we describe interactive media as dynamic, we mean that _____. it is primarily used by young people it is complicated and hard to use it is based on the Internet it is always changing
it is always changing
Laura is preparing a speech about why she doesn't believe same-sex marriage should be legal. In order to be ethical, it is important that she is aware of the _____ used in her speech, especially potentially pejorative terms. organizational structure transitions language logic
language
An ethical receiver of rhetorical communication strives to _____. accept arguments presented at face value stick to one's original viewpoint ignore deception and misinformation listen to a range of views on a particular topic
listen to a range of views on a particular topic
During the Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, the leader explained that excessive alcohol use can lead to severe health complications. Which artistic proof is the leader using? pathos mythos ethos logos
logos
The best way to become an active agent and ethical media consumer is to _____. watch or read everything that is available ignore any media content that does not align with your current beliefs make deliberate choices about what media you expose yourself to disregard most mainstream media and concentrate on other sources
make deliberate choices about what media you expose yourself to
In the study titled The People's Choice, researchers argued that media had limited impact, as they found that radio tended to reinforce preexisting beliefs rather than shape new ones. This is an example of _____. use and gratifications selective exposure mass media effects focus watching
mass media effects
_____ are text-based "virtual reality" games in which participants interact with enrichments, objects, and other participants. Massively Multiplayer Role-Playing Online Games Content communities Collaborative projects Social Networking Sites
massively multiplayer role-playing online games
Television, film, radio, magazines, advertisements, and newspapers are all examples of communication _____. media effects agents events
media
_____ is the practice of organizing with others to communicate displeasure with certain media images and messages and to advocate for change. Media activism Media hegemony Media gatekeeping Media monitoring
media activism
It is all too common today for a news station to interrupt regular programming to report on a catastrophic situation happening somewhere in the world. These situations are called _____. agenda setting hegemony active agents media events
media events
What does Shahira Fahmy's study of AP wire photographs, showing Afghan women almost exclusively covering their face and hair and wearing burqas, even after the Taliban regime, tell us about the media? -Content analysis by itself does not reveal why viewers consume media messages. -Media depictions and choices help us confirm our own cultural identities. -Social identities are not absolute predictors of media choices. -Media organizations can distort the images of faraway places as well as enhance them.
media organizations can distort the images of faraway places as well as enhance them
_____ communication is always transmitted through a channel, such as television, film, and print. Mediated Organizational Cultural Interpersonal
mediated
Which of the following reflects the most accurate understanding of mass media? -public communication intended for entertainment and social interaction purposes -the communication mediums of film, radio, and telephone -mediated communication which is intended for a large audience -individuals or organizations that consistently address the public
mediated communication which is intended for a large audience
What is the most essential characteristic of successful visual aids for any presentation? must be visually interesting or unique must incorporate audio or video must support the speech goals must stand on its own in case of technology failure
must support the speech goals
The emergence of the "fake news" phenomenon has caused confusion and concern about the modern meaning of _____. political economy news reporting parental monitoring content analysis
news reporting
During the nineteenth century, _____ became one of the first media outlets that addressed a large public and played a critical role in community building. radio newspapers film social networks
newspapers
During her presentation, Aneesa tells the story of her neighbor who was beaten repeatedly by her husband, but legally unable to seek justice in the courts. Aneesa is using _____ to persuade her audience. pathos character logos persona
pathos
During the trial claiming the railroad had failed to maintain an overpass, the prosecutor played an audio recording of a car being crushed by concrete slabs and steel beams while narrating what must have been going through the Peterson family's minds as the car they were in was being crushed. This was an appeal to which artistic proof? ethos pathos mythos logos
pathos
On the feedback form, Charles wrote that the speaker seemed down-to-earth and genuine. What aspect of the speaker is Charles reviewing? delivery thesis persona credibility
persona
Rhetoric is also known as the art of _____. information persuasion public speaking engagement
persuasion
One is nearly always in a state of interacting with communication technologies, especially mobile devices. That is why interactive media is so _____. linear constrained pervasive simplistic
pervasive
Which form of media functions in the most similar manner to traditional mass media? content communities virtual social worlds podcasts social networking sites
podcasts
One researcher analyzed the recent decision by ABC to cease broadcasting the Miss America pageant. The findings showed that the viewing audience had dropped significantly, which in turn caused the demand for and price of advertising during the pageant to also drop. This is an example of _____. agenda setting political economy cultural identity content analysis
political economy
The term _____ refers to the focus on the ways media institutions produce texts in a capitalist system and the legal and regulatory frameworks that shape their options for doing so. cultivation theory content analysis hegemony political economy
political economy
The arena in which deliberative decision making occurs through the exchange of ideas and arguments is called the _____. social position social sphere public sphere public agenda
public sphere
The importance of media in our everyday lives and in our society has been _____. rapidly increasing rising and falling for the past decade relatively stable rapidly decreasing
rapidly increasing
What is the mission of the Federal Communications Commission? regulate print journalism and all written forms of communication create content and standards for the motion picture industry create content for radio, television, wire, cable, and satellite regulate radio, television, wire, cable, and satellite
regulate radio, television, wire, cable, and satellite
The originator of a communication message, but not necessarily the person delivering it, is called a(n) _____. proletariat orator sophist rhetor
rhetor
After Nick damaged Michaela's car and refused to pay for the repairs, Michaela took him to small claims court where she explained to the judge why Nick should pay for the repairs. Which function of rhetoric does this demonstrate? Rhetoric is essential to a vital democracy. Rhetoric is a source of disagreement. Rhetoric helps people seek justice. Rhetoric helps people clarify their own beliefs and actions.
rhetoric helps people seek justice
Anyone who pursues sustained and detailed analyses of rhetorical discourse is a _____. sophist rhetorical critic communication expert linguist
rhetorical critic
In the aftermath of the Manchester, England, terrorist attack in 2017, many discussions arose to attempt to explain why the situation had occurred. This is an example of a _____. rhetorical event social discourse public sphere signpost
rhetorical event
Josefina is very concerned about a measles outbreak in her community. She looks for news reports that exaggerate the scope and severity of the disease and that blame it on the cost of immunizations. Josefina ignores other information that discusses multiple causes, or data showing that the increase is statistically insignificant. This is an example of the power of _____. cultural values uses and gratifications hostile media effect selective exposure
selective exposure
Katrine opted not to go with her girlfriends to The Bachelor watch party. She didn't like the way the show represented dating practices and trivialized marriage. Which model best explains Katrine's choice? selective exposure culture industries uses and gratifications media text
selective exposure
_____ create outlets for people to try and align others to their worldviews without filters, and presents new challenges to the need to think through how we attempt to persuade others to view the world as we do. Rhetorical studies Social media Group meetings Letters to the editor
social media
The 1965 March on Selma brought together activists from all over the country to protest unfair voter registration practices. Television coverage and additional demonstrations helped spur passage of the Voting Rights Act. This is an example of a _____. social position social status social movement social identity
social movement
Culturally, the _____ of the rhetor often determines his or her right to speak or to access civic speaking spaces. social position communication experience attractiveness intelligence
social position
The first group of people to teach persuasive speaking skills in the Greek city-states were known as _____. rhetoricians orators ethicists sophists
sophists
Which of the following is the most effective method for rehearsing your speech? practicing only your nonverbal messages instead of the verbal standing up and practicing in front of one or two friends going over the main points silently in your head working to memorize the exact wording of the speech
standing up and practicing in front of one or two friends
Albert is listening to the radio as he drives home from work. The radio host is talking about a natural disaster, referring to "innocent victims." Albert thinks to himself, "Can a victim be 'innocent' or 'guilty,' or is a victim just a victim?" This is an example of _____. being an active agent broadening your media horizons talking back using selective perception
talking back
The strategy of _____ includes being attentive to the ethical implications of media to which you are exposed. gatekeeping content analysis media manipulation talking back
talking back
Sophists were among the first _____ of rhetoric. teachers opposers politicizers debasers
teachers
It is challenging for communication researchers to understand and study the implications of interactive mobile media for our daily lives because _____. mobile data is unregulated and therefore unreliable most researchers do not utilize them technologies come and go at a rapid rate the extent of the population using them is limited
technologies come and go at a rapid rate
A 2016 Nielsen study found that the average U.S. American consumes almost 75 hours of media content each week, with _____ being the most used by far. television smartphones radio PCs
television
Which of the following is the best example of what we think of as a rhetor? your parents a person studying communication your banker the Catholic Church
the catholic church
As an example of a space traditionally not associated with rhetoric, many black feminist scholars feature _____ as a metaphor for rhetoric in action. the church choir loft the kitchen table the children's playground the front porch
the kitchen table
As an analytic tool, the linear model of communication is most helpful in understanding _____. the changing landscape of mass media effects the power and influence of media messages the multiple ways that people respond to messages the impact of messages on people's everyday lives
the power and influence of media messages
What did Cicero believe speakers should use rhetoric for? the public good the telling of a universal truth the speaker's own self-interest the sake of pleasure
the public good
Why does rhetorician Richard Weaver advocate the careful use of "god terms" and "devil terms"? These terms are inherently negative. These terms are not familiar to most people. These terms don't require active listening. These terms serve more as propaganda than rhetoric.
these terms serve more as a propaganda than rhetoric
A statement of the topic of a speech and the speaker's position on it is referred to as a _____. speech preview specific purpose signpost thesis statement
thesis statement
The success of Netflix as a media model in releasing previously viewed content tells us that _____. -the Internet has narrowed traditional media choices for most Americans -the Internet can be an increasingly important medium for traditional broadcasters to reach more audiences -the economic model for mass media is no longer viable -traditional broadcast television will continue to decrease in viewership and influence for all audiences
traditional broadcast television will continue to decrease in viewership and influence for all audiences
Most would agree that the use of outright deception or lying in persuasion would be _____. necessary appropriate justifiable unethical
unethical
If a researcher wants to determine why viewers watch The Middle instead of Modern Family, they might use _____ studies. selective exposure demographic uses and gratifications cognitive dissonance
uses and gratifications
Which of the following is true about the way Americans currently consume television, according to Nielsen? We have fewer options and are becoming increasingly more fragmented on the whole. We have fewer options but are watching television more and more. We have many more options and are viewing about 75 percent of those available. We have many more options, but only view about 10 percent of those available.
we have many more options, but only view about 10 percent of those available
The Hays Code was established in order to make films more "_____." patriotic diverse profitable wholesome
wholesome
