Chapter 12
Types of polygmy mating systems:
(polygamy- more than one male or female partner at the same time) - polygyny -polyandry
different polygynous mating systems
- female defense - resource defense - male dominance
benefits of polygyny and polyandry and extra pair copulations
- fertility assurance, females are guaranteed that all their eggs will be fertilized. -
polygyny threshold model
Females should mate polygynously only when the benefits of doing so (extra resources) exceed the costs (sharing resources with other females)
female defense polygyny
Males defend and mate with multiple females
polyandry
One female, several males.
polygyny
One male, several females.
Polygynandry (plural breeding)
Social associations are formed between multiple males and multiple females
Leks
assemblages of rival males who cluster together to perform courtship displays in close proximity
Emlen and Oring model
based on sexual conflict and resource distribution
extra-pair copulations
copulations that occur outside established social associations (ie pair bonds)
difference between extra pair matings and promiscuity
in an extra pair system individuals typically form a pair bond social association, which means that social and genetic mating systems differ. In a promiscuous mating system pair bonds are not formed.
hotspot hypothesis
males can benefit by aggregating on leks near a location in the environment where they are likely to encounter females
Hotshot Hypothesis (Lek Polygyny)
males can benefit by aggregating on leks near high quality males that attract females
resource defense polygyny
males defends resources that allow them to mate with multiple females
male dominance polygyny
males locate where the females travel (form lect) and the most attractive males attract the females
promiscuity
multiple males, multiple females. no social associations/ bonds form
monogomy
one male associates and mates with one female, often forming a pair bond.
mating systems
the social associations and number of sexual partners an individual has during one breeding season - monogomy -polygyny -polyandry -polygynandry/ plural breeding -pormiscuity