Chapter 12

Types of polygmy mating systems:

(polygamy- more than one male or female partner at the same time) - polygyny -polyandry

different polygynous mating systems

- female defense - resource defense - male dominance

benefits of polygyny and polyandry and extra pair copulations

- fertility assurance, females are guaranteed that all their eggs will be fertilized. -

polygyny threshold model

Females should mate polygynously only when the benefits of doing so (extra resources) exceed the costs (sharing resources with other females)

female defense polygyny

Males defend and mate with multiple females

polyandry

One female, several males.

polygyny

One male, several females.

Polygynandry (plural breeding)

Social associations are formed between multiple males and multiple females

Leks

assemblages of rival males who cluster together to perform courtship displays in close proximity

Emlen and Oring model

based on sexual conflict and resource distribution

extra-pair copulations

copulations that occur outside established social associations (ie pair bonds)

difference between extra pair matings and promiscuity

in an extra pair system individuals typically form a pair bond social association, which means that social and genetic mating systems differ. In a promiscuous mating system pair bonds are not formed.

hotspot hypothesis

males can benefit by aggregating on leks near a location in the environment where they are likely to encounter females

Hotshot Hypothesis (Lek Polygyny)

males can benefit by aggregating on leks near high quality males that attract females

resource defense polygyny

males defends resources that allow them to mate with multiple females

male dominance polygyny

males locate where the females travel (form lect) and the most attractive males attract the females

promiscuity

multiple males, multiple females. no social associations/ bonds form

monogomy

one male associates and mates with one female, often forming a pair bond.

mating systems

the social associations and number of sexual partners an individual has during one breeding season - monogomy -polygyny -polyandry -polygynandry/ plural breeding -pormiscuity