chapter 12 a and p

what two cell types provide humoral and cell-mediated immunity against specific foreign antigens?

B and T lymphocytes

which one of the following is NOT one of the non specific body defenses: A. antibody production B. the inflammatory response C. natural killer cells D. fever E. intact skin

A. antibody production

which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ? A. liver B. tonsils C. spleen D, appendix

A. liver

whithin the lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph

macrophages

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.

passive immunity

found in the wall of the small intestin, _________ capture(s) and destroy(s) bacteria before they invade the intestinal wall

peyer's patches

what role do plasma cells play in the immune response?

secrete antibodies into body fluids

what is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms?

skin and mucous membranes

what lymphoid organ sotres platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?

spleen

what are T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) self-tolerant of ?

the body's own cells

as with many other body systems, immune system function decreases with age. Which of the following statements describe(s) the effects of aging on immunity?

the chance of developing an autoimmune disease increases, cancer becomes more common

what best describes positive chemotaxis?

the movement of cells toward a high concentration of signaling molecules

how do antibodies prevent viruses from attacking cells?

they bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles

what does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

how do phagocytic cells protect the body from invading pathogens?

they remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier

what lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes

thymus

what is the function of histamine?

triggers inflammatory response

hannah has an outo immune disease i which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?

type 1 diabetes mellitus

what is the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

activate T lymphocytes

what types of immunity do vaccines provide?

active, artifically acquired immunity

redness heat, swelling, and pain are the four common indicators of ________

acute inflammation

humoral immunity is provided by ___________

antibodies

protein secreted by polasma cells that bind to specific pathogens are called ________-

antibodies

what is humoral immunity?

antibody-mediated immune response

what are the substances that activate the immune system called?

antigens

what condition occurs when the body makes antibodies against self-antigens?

autoimmune disease

the role of NK cells is to _________

yse and kill nonspecific targets

why are the elderly more susceptible to infection and cancers?

because the efficiency of the immune response decreases in old age

lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________

blood

what type of T cell directly attacks infected cells

cytotoxic cells

what is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?

destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell

monoclonal antibodies are commercial preparations of a pure antibody that reacts to a single antigen. Which of these are examples of current uses of monoclonal antibodies

diagnosis pregnancy, deliver drugs to fight cancer, early cancer diagnosis

the keratinized _______ and the ________ are the body's first line of defense against pathogens

epidermis; mucous membranes

all lymph flows in a one-way system toward the _________

heart

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys ________

helper t cells

important in recruiting other cells to fight invaders, ________ can be thought of as the "directors" or "managers" of the immune system

helper t cells

which cells stimulate the antibody-secreting cells and cytotoxic t cells

helper t cells

what antibody class is most abundant in plasma, is important in fixing complement, and crosses the placenta to provide prtection to a newborn?

igG

what class of antibodies functions as antigen receptors on B cells and form large complexes that can agglutinate cells/

igM

which of the following are harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body? A. antibodies B. macrophages C. pathogens D. allergens

C. pathogens

the adaptive (specific) defense system

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

what happens to the fluid filtered from blood capillaries?

it becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstrea,

what tissue or organ filters lymph?

lymph node

bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by __________

lymph nodes

what structures are a major component of the lymphatic system?

lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues/ organs