chapter 12 a and p
what two cell types provide humoral and cell-mediated immunity against specific foreign antigens?
B and T lymphocytes
which one of the following is NOT one of the non specific body defenses: A. antibody production B. the inflammatory response C. natural killer cells D. fever E. intact skin
A. antibody production
which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ? A. liver B. tonsils C. spleen D, appendix
A. liver
whithin the lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances in the lymph
macrophages
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.
passive immunity
found in the wall of the small intestin, _________ capture(s) and destroy(s) bacteria before they invade the intestinal wall
peyer's patches
what role do plasma cells play in the immune response?
secrete antibodies into body fluids
what is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms?
skin and mucous membranes
what lymphoid organ sotres platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?
spleen
what are T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) self-tolerant of ?
the body's own cells
as with many other body systems, immune system function decreases with age. Which of the following statements describe(s) the effects of aging on immunity?
the chance of developing an autoimmune disease increases, cancer becomes more common
what best describes positive chemotaxis?
the movement of cells toward a high concentration of signaling molecules
how do antibodies prevent viruses from attacking cells?
they bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles
what does fever accomplish?
Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.
how do phagocytic cells protect the body from invading pathogens?
they remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier
what lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes
thymus
what is the function of histamine?
triggers inflammatory response
hannah has an outo immune disease i which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?
type 1 diabetes mellitus
what is the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
activate T lymphocytes
what types of immunity do vaccines provide?
active, artifically acquired immunity
redness heat, swelling, and pain are the four common indicators of ________
acute inflammation
humoral immunity is provided by ___________
antibodies
protein secreted by polasma cells that bind to specific pathogens are called ________-
antibodies
what is humoral immunity?
antibody-mediated immune response
what are the substances that activate the immune system called?
antigens
what condition occurs when the body makes antibodies against self-antigens?
autoimmune disease
the role of NK cells is to _________
yse and kill nonspecific targets
why are the elderly more susceptible to infection and cancers?
because the efficiency of the immune response decreases in old age
lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________
blood
what type of T cell directly attacks infected cells
cytotoxic cells
what is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?
destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell
monoclonal antibodies are commercial preparations of a pure antibody that reacts to a single antigen. Which of these are examples of current uses of monoclonal antibodies
diagnosis pregnancy, deliver drugs to fight cancer, early cancer diagnosis
the keratinized _______ and the ________ are the body's first line of defense against pathogens
epidermis; mucous membranes
all lymph flows in a one-way system toward the _________
heart
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys ________
helper t cells
important in recruiting other cells to fight invaders, ________ can be thought of as the "directors" or "managers" of the immune system
helper t cells
which cells stimulate the antibody-secreting cells and cytotoxic t cells
helper t cells
what antibody class is most abundant in plasma, is important in fixing complement, and crosses the placenta to provide prtection to a newborn?
igG
what class of antibodies functions as antigen receptors on B cells and form large complexes that can agglutinate cells/
igM
which of the following are harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body? A. antibodies B. macrophages C. pathogens D. allergens
C. pathogens
the adaptive (specific) defense system
issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances
what happens to the fluid filtered from blood capillaries?
it becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstrea,
what tissue or organ filters lymph?
lymph node
bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by __________
lymph nodes
what structures are a major component of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues/ organs
