chapter 12 final

What percent of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century?

90%

Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires?

Both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish.

What was a similarity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties?

Both were able to limit European traders to port cities.

What is the title of Chapter 12?

Contact, Commerce, and Colonization, 1450-1600

The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following?

Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa.

Analogies: Martin Luther is to German Protestantism as _________ is to French and Swiss Protestantism.

Jean Calvin

In what way did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571 inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit?

Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade silver from the Americas to China, and then Chinese goods to Europe.

Which areas of the Americas produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century?

Mesoamerica and the Andes

Which group dominated the Indian Ocean trade in the fifteenth century?

Muslims

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets.

Which of the following was the BIGGEST factor in the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs?

Smallpox spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites, eventually killing over 20 million.

In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs' constant warfare?

The Aztecs wanted to extract tribute and take war captives to sacrifice to their gods.

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?

The European presence enhanced Asian rulers' wealth and might.

Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century?

The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships.

Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth-century Macao?

The Portuguese used Macao as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with China.

After 1570, why was Japan supplanted as the primary source of silver for China?

The Spanish took control of the Philippines and used it as a conduit for silver from their colonies in the Americas.

During the sixteenth century, to what use did Mughals put their increased global and local commerce?

They used the resources to glorify their court's architecture and art.

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia?

They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean.

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?

To take over the trade or tax local merchants

Newfound expertise with the compass and astrolabe allowed Portuguese navigators to:

determine latitude.

True or false: The Ottoman fleet was much smaller than the fleets of Ming China or Portugal.

false

Which answers best describes the Mughal Empire in the 16th century?

military powerful, religiously tolerant, economically wealthy

True or false: For much of the 1500s and early 1600s, religious warfare between Christians (Catholics and Protestants) plagued central and western Europe.

true

True or false: In the 16th century, Ming China remained prosperous with a surging population and a productive agrarian and spinning and weaving economy.

true

True or false: The Aztecs and Incas used conscripted labor to build public wealth, while the Spanish used forced labor to enrich private individuals.

true

True or false: The Mughal Empire in the 1580s and 90s ended the Portuguese trade monopoly by allowing the Dutch and English merchants to dock at Indian ports.

true