Chapter 12 Motivating Employees

____ is an example of an intrinsic reward. a. An employee's feelings of self-worth b. A pat on the back from your boss c. A pay raise d. A promotion e. A bonus

a. An employee's feelings of self-worth

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement? a. Avoidance learning b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Extinction e. Neutral learning

a. Avoidance learning

____ is an important part of the job characteristics model. a. Critical psychological states b. A hierarchy of needs c. Schedules of reinforcement d. All of these e. None of these

a. Critical psychological states

One of your fellow team members at work is continually disrupting the team's work with jokes and general horseplay. You hope that by ignoring him he will stop this senseless behavior. You are attempting to use which reinforcement tool? a. Extinction b. Positive reinforcement c. Negative reinforcement d. Avoidance learning e. Desired behavior is reinforced annually

a. Extinction

The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior is referred to as a. avoidance learning. b. punishment. c. positive reinforcement. d. extinction. e. inefficient management.

a. avoidance learning.

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by a. extrinsic rewards. b. intrinsic rewards. c. variable rewards. d. all of these. e. none of these.

a. extrinsic rewards.

In goal-setting theory, ____ refers to the degree to which goals are concrete and unambiguous. a. goal specificity b. goal difficulty c. goal acceptance d. feedback e. goal motivation

a. goal specificity

A high need for ____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland. a. power b. achievement c. affiliation d. success e. expertise

a. power

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory? a. Safety needs b. Compensation needs c. Physiological needs d. Esteem needs e. Self-actualization needs

b. Compensation needs

A recent study from the U.S. Department of Labor shows that the top reason that people leave their jobs is because they: a. Don't make enough money b. Don't feel appreciated c. Don't believe in what the organization stands for d. Don't like their colleagues e. Don't like their boss

b. Don't feel appreciated

The ____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance. a. P -> O expectancy b. E -> P expectancy c. O -> V expectancy d. A -> Z expectancy e. V -> P expectancy

b. E -> P expectancy

____ is a situation in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization. a. Commitment b. Engagement c. Employee loyalty d. Employee assurance e. Employee guarantee

b. Engagement

Which of the following is an example of a process theory of motivation? a. Need hierarchy theory b. Equity theory c. Two-factor theory d. ERG theory e. Acquired needs theory

b. Equity theory

Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes? a. Equity theory b. Expectancy theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Two-factor theory e. ERG theory

b. Expectancy theory

Which term, in goal-setting theory, refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable? a. Goal specificity b. Goal difficulty c. Goal acceptance d. Feedback e. Goal motivation

b. Goal difficulty

Highroller Casinos provides good salaries and benefits, including bonuses of up to 25 percent of annual salaries. However, the company has been criticized for not establishing an achievement or recognition program for its employees. Which of the following best describes the company in terms of the two-factor theory? a. Good motivators, inadequate hygiene factors b. Good hygiene factors, inadequate motivators c. Good hygiene factors and motivators d. Inadequate hygiene factors and motivators e. None of the above

b. Good hygiene factors, inadequate motivators

Karen is a first line supervisor at Wolfs, Inc. She wishes to increase her employee's opportunities for growth and learning. Which of the following techniques should she use? a. Job enlargement b. Job enrichment c. Job rotation d. Positive reinforcement e. Continuous

b. Job enrichment

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques? a. Negative reinforcement b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Avoidance learning e. Rewards enhancement

b. Punishment

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees. Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone? a. Some of her employees are lazy. b. Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength. c. Some of her employees have a low need for power. d. All of her employees have high growth-needs. e. Some of her employees have low affiliation needs.

b. Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.

Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well being as ____ needs. a. physiological b. existence c. belongingness d. relatedness e. growth

b. existence

____ refers to a reward given by another person. a. An intrinsic reward b. An internal reward c. An extrinsic reward d. A valued reward e. A charity

c. An extrinsic reward

Yolanda recently learned that Sue, who works in the same position as she and has been with the company for the same amount of time, earns about ten percent more than she does. As a result, Yolanda feels that she should not work as hard, so she starts coming in late and taking more days off. This is an example of which method for reducing perceived equity? a. Working harder, not smarter b. Changing outcomes c. Changing work effort d. Changing perceptions e. Leaving the job

c. Changing work effort

Which of the following techniques reduces the likelihood that behavior will be repeated? a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Extinction d. Reward enhancement e. All of these

c. Extinction

Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence? a. Reinforcement theory b. ERG theory c. Hierarchy of needs theory d. Experiential learning theory e. Social learning theory

c. Hierarchy of needs theory

Tim is a manager at Chuck's Construction. He sees little opportunity for advancement at Chuck's Construction, regardless of how well he performs. Which of the following expectancies is low for Tim? a. E -> P expectancy b. O -> V expectancy c. P -> O expectancy d. E -> V expectancy e. None of these

c. P -> O expectancy

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior? a. Avoidance learning b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Extinction e. Suspension

c. Positive reinforcement

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences? a. Two-factor theory b. Need hierarchy theory c. Reinforcement theory d. ERG theory e. Equity theory

c. Reinforcement theory

Abbi works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbi agrees, but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbi? a. E -> P expectancy b. O -> P expectancy c. Valence d. Motivators e. O -> E indicators

c. Valence

On the continuum of empowerment, employees who are self-managed a. give input. b. participate in decisions. c. are responsible for decision process and strategy. d. have no decision discretion. e. make decisions.

c. are responsible for decision process and strategy.

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as a. need for power. b. need for achievement. c. empowerment. d. passing the buck. e. need of affiliation.

c. empowerment.

In goal-setting theory, ____ refers to the idea that employees have to "buy into" the goals. a. goal specificity b. goal difficulty c. goal acceptance d. feedback e. goal motivation

c. goal acceptance

Larry is looking for ways to increase the number of different tasks that an employee performs without increasing task complexity. He should try a. job simplification. b. job enlargement. c. job rotation. d. job enrichment. e. job lay-off.

c. job rotation.

According to Herzberg, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor. a. achievement b. recognition c. pay d. responsibility e. opportunity for growth

c. pay

The core dimension of Hackman and Oldham's model of job characteristics that is based on the number of diverse activities that make up a job is known as a. autonomy. b. job enlargement. c. skill variety. d. task identity. e. feedback.

c. skill variety.

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having impact on the company or customers is referred to as a. task complexity. b. task identity. c. task significance. d. task structure. e. task simplification.

c. task significance.

Samuel, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store. He justifies his higher salary to the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else. This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity? a. Working harder, not smarter b. Changing outcomes c. Changing work effort d. Changing perceptions e. Leaving the j

d. Changing perceptions

____ theory deals with employee's perception of fairness. a. Expectancy b. Reinforcement c. Need hierarchy d. Equity e. ERG

d. Equity

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs? a. Physiological b. Safety c. Belongingness d. Esteem e. Self-actualization

d. Esteem

Bruce publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Bruce hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of a. extinction. b. negative reinforcement. c. avoidance learning. d. positive reinforcement. e. none of these.

d. positive reinforcement.

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders. Sally is motivated by: a. Power factors b. Leadership factors c. Hygiene factors d. Extrinsic rewards e. Intrinsic rewards

e. Intrinsic rewards

Which theory proposes that an individual's motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person's thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people's behavior? a. Reinforcement theory b. Hierarchy of needs theory c. ERG theory d. Experiential learning theory e. Social learning theory

e. Social learning theory

Empowering employees means giving employees a. information. b. knowledge. c. power. d. rewards. e. all of these.

e. all of these.