Chapter 12

Millions of Americans are categorized as having a mental illness. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria included in recognizing when a behavior is abnormal?

Abnormal behavior is different.

Which of the following examples demonstrates behavior that is dysfunctional?

Anabeth is so afraid of snakes that she has difficulty going out and getting into her car to go to work in the morning because she fears that there may be a snake on the path to her car. She is running out of sick days.

Anthony has always thought that people with mental health disorders are cognitively limited or below the average in terms of functioning. As his friend, what would you suggest to help Anthony combat his stigmas of individuals with disorders?

Anthony should begin to see all individuals as having a set of strengths and to create a positive environment for all to grow and share.

Which of the following is true?

Approximately 70 percent of people with serious mental illnesses receive treatment in a given year.

Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk. Armand's neighbors have complained and he feels embarrassed. Which criteria that define abnormality are applicable in this case?

Armand's behavior deviates from the norm and is distressing for him.

______ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.

Borderline personality disorder

Renee is a social worker in an urban community mental-health center. She has just seen a crisis client who expressed suicidal ideation. After doing a thorough assessment to determine that he needed inpatient care, she sent him to the hospital and must now write her notes about the session. Although she knows that he is suffering with a severe depression, she still has to look up the exact diagnostic code in the

DSM-5.

What does it mean for behavior to be deviant?

Deviant behavior appears highly unusual compared to other normative behaviors in a society.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a depressive disorder?

Flashbacks and nightmares

Which of the following best describes human behavior?

Human behavior ranges from normal to abnormal on a continuum.

Which of the following statements about childhood depression is FALSE?

In order to understand childhood depression, developmental psychopathologists apply knowledge about adult depression to children.

Your roommate becomes depressed after he learns that his significant other has been cheating on him. He skips class for the next week. His behavior would fall under which category of abnormal behavior?

Interferes with ability to function

Tyrone is not from Scotland, but he likes to wear a kilt. Is his behavior abnormal?

No, if Tyrone is not distressed by his behavior, it would not be considered abnormal.

_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes.

Schizophrenia

Depressed people tend to have low levels of which neurotransmitters?

Serotonin and norepinephrine

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?

Sociocultural

Which of the following statements is correct?

Women are more likely to dwell on their feelings or problems.

Individuals who suffer from ______ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations.

a social phobia

Former NFL coach John Madden had a famous fear of flying that led him to take a bus to all of the games he broadcasted. The fact that he would go to any length to avoid flying suggests that he suffered from

a specific phobia.

When a behavior is _____, it is often considered abnormal.

atypical in that it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture

After Ralph has been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder, his doctor explains that depression often runs in families. Which of the following factors is Ralph's doctor exemplifying?

biological

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on the _______ approach to psychological disorders.

biological

The article suggests that there are many proven treatments for depression available. If a therapist suggests medication as the treatment for depression, the therapist likely has a ______ approach.

biological

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

checking, cleaning, counting.

Individuals who are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder experience _____. Individuals who are diagnosed with panic disorder experience _____.

chronic anxiety / sudden anxiety

Which of the following is not a factor of Major Depressive Disorder?

cognitive

Which of the following is not a measure of abnormality?

denial

Which of the following neurotransmitters has NOT been implicated in depression?

epinephrine

In the film A Beautiful Mind, John Nash hears and sees people who are not actually there. These sensations are examples of

hallucinations.

A schizophrenic patient refuses to leave his home because he claims that the government is monitoring his thoughts using tiny microwave transmitters hidden inside traffic signals. This behavior would be considered evidence of

loss of touch with reality and interference with the ability to function.

Clare has entered the manic phase of bipolar disorder. She has trouble sleeping and has gotten herself into financial trouble by buying a car that she cannot really afford. Despite these problems, Clare feels as though she is on top of the world. Clare's behavior would be considered evidence of

loss of touch with reality.

The leading cause of disability in the United States is

major depressive disorder.

Depression is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.

mood

The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

positive symptoms / negative symptoms

Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by a stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing symptoms of anxiety. A diagnosis of _____ would best apply to her situation.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Generational differences, gender differences, and socioeconomic status are all examples of ______ factors of Major Depressive Disorder.

sociocultural

The deviance criterion is most associated with

the role of sociocultural influences on abnormality.

Psychologists recognize that some people may be more at risk than others for certain disorders. Often called the _____, this model suggests that a person's susceptibility plus increased stress can lead to the development of a psychological disorder.

vulnerability-stress hypothesis

For several days, Joe has been crying periodically and has had difficulty sleeping and eating. His behavior

would be difficult to categorize as normal or abnormal without knowing the cause of his behavior.