Chapter 12 Quiz

During exercise, there is a decreased flow of blood to

Abdominal organs

Which is TRUE regarding the regulation of heart rate? a. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rate. b. Stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rate. c. A person whose heart lacks autonomic innervation has a faster heart rate at rest than a person with a normally innervated heart. d. The slope of diastolic depolarization in SA node cell action potentials determines the heart rate.

All are true

Distinguishing characteristics of veins include which of the following?

All veins carry blood toward the heart.

Which is the most likely effect of physical endurance training on a person's cardiac performance?

An increase in maximal stroke volume

Which of the drug treatments listed below is INCORRECTLY matched to a mode of action in treating hypertension?

Antagonists of parasympathetic receptors—reduce TPR by decreased stimulation of arteriolar smooth muscle

At what point of the cardiac cycle do the semilunar valves close?

Between the ventricular ejection phase and the isovolumetric relaxation phase

Which of the following statements regarding blood clotting is TRUE?

Blood clotting requires activation of thrombin.

The plateau of the action potential in cardiac ventricular cells results from the opening of voltage-gated long-lasting __________ channels in the plasma membrane of the cell.

Ca2+

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is TRUE?

Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole.

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be increased compared to pre-donation values?

Heart rate and total peripheral resistance

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be increased compared to pre-donation values?

Her heart rate and total peripheral resistance

Which of the following does NOT describe hypertension?

Hypertension is usually a result of chronically elevated cardiac output.

After a long fever Carl finds himself sweating profusely. He ends up requiring several changes of clothing before his skin begins to dry off. After this sweating event, what can we expect of Carl's physiological state?

Hypotension

Where is most of the iron in a person's body located?

In erythrocytes

regulation of blood flow

In the systemic circuit, increased levels of metabolic waste products and decreased oxygen concentration in tissues promote hyperemia through the tissues.

Which of the following statements about the refractory period of neuronal or muscle membranes is TRUE?

In ventricular cells, the absolute refractory period coincides with the period of increased Na+ and Ca2+ permeability.

Sally has had too many alcoholic drinks. Alcohol is a systemic vasodilator and it increases urine volume, thereby decreasing blood volume. In order to maintain cardiac output, what can her body do?

Increase heart rate

Which of the following does NOT contribute to increased stroke volume during exercise?

Increased length of filling time during diastole

In the systemic circuit, which of these best describes active hyperemia?

Increased metabolic activity that results in vasodilation

Which of the following factors would NOT tend to increase systemic arterial blood pressure?

Increased parasympathetic stimulation

Which correctly describes functions of protein C?

It inhibits clot formation and inactivated factors Va and VIIIa

Which of the following statements regarding the dissolving of blood clots is FALSE?

It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

Which of the following statements about blood clotting is FALSE?

It requires the presence of erythrocytes.

You have a patient who is showing signs of edema (tissue swelling) all over his body. In addition to visible swelling in his hands, feet, and face, you can also see evidence of swelling around his organs when viewing his CAT scan images. Thinking about what you know about the factors that regulate fluid flow from the blood vessels. Which of the following causes of edema seem most likely?

Low plasma protein concentration due to liver failure

A male patient complains of physical weakness and fatigue. A blood test shows his hematocrit to be 30%. Which of the following diagnoses is the least likely to explain his symptoms?

Lung disease

Which of the following occurs first in hemostasis?

Platelet aggregation

Sarah is resting in a chair for a long period of time; her calf and thigh muscles are totally relaxed. Next to her, Priya is also resting in a chair, but she is wiggling, kicking, tapping, and vibrating her legs; resulting in an pattern where her calf and thigh muscles are alternating between relaxed and contracted states. If all else is equal, who has the higher stroke volume, Sarah or Priya?

Priya has a higher stroke volume

Sarah is resting in a chair for a long period of time; her calf and thigh muscles are totally relaxed. Next to her, Priya is also resting in a chair, but she is wiggling, kicking, tapping, and vibrating her legs; resulting in a pattern where her calf and thigh muscles are alternating between relaxed and contracted states. If all else is equal, who has the higher stroke volume, Sarah or Priya?

Priya has a higher stroke volume.

Elizabeth had heart surgery to repair the pacemaker of her heart. Into which structure did the surgeon need access?

Sinoatrial node

In a patient with an abnormally leaky aortic valve, what would you expect?

Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

Which of these correctly states differences between a trained athlete and a sedentary individual at rest?

The athlete would have a lower heart rate and larger stroke volume.

Which of the following is NOT true for ventricular systole?

The atria contract during ventricular systole.

How would a hemorrhage immediately affect the activity of the baroreceptors?

The baroreceptors would decrease their rate of firing to all medullary cardiovascular center cell types

What determines the movement of blood in systemic veins?

The blood pressure difference between systemic capillaries and the right atrium; The contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles; The decrease of thoracic pressure and increase of abdominal pressure due to diaphragm movement; Valves in the veins

Which of the following correctly compares the factors involved in bulk flow of fluid in systemic and pulmonary capillaries?

The hydrostatic pressure inside pulmonary capillaries is significantly lower.

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be decreased compared to pre-donation values?

The percentage of her cardiac output flowing to her kidneys

What is hemostasis?

The prevention of stoppage of blood loss

Which best defines cardiac output?

The product of the heart rate and the volume ejected from the ventricle during a cardiac cycle

Consider the equation F = ΔP/R. It describes the flow (F) of fluid in a tube in which there is a pressure difference (ΔP) between the two ends and a resistance (R) to flow. Based on this equation, which is a correct conclusion?

The rate of fluid flow in a tube will increase if the pressure at the beginning is increased while the pressure at the end of the tube stays the same.

What is described by the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart?

The relationship between length and tension in cardiac muscle cells

Which is correct about the contraction sequence of the heart?

The two atria contract at the same time, and as they are relaxing, the two ventricles contract together.

Which of the following is NOT primarily a function of blood plasma?

Transport of oxygen

You are dissecting a species of amphibian that has just been discovered in the rainforest. You find a blood vessel where the blood travels at a low pressure and velocity. If the frog is in an upright position, blood flow through this vessel would also be against gravity. Anatomically, what do you expect of this blood vessel?

Valves that allow only one-way flow of blood

You are dissecting a species of amphibian that has just been discovered in the rainforest. You find a blood vessel where the blood travels at a low pressure and velocity. If the frog is in an upright position, blood flow through this vessel would also be against gravity. Anatomically, what do you expect of this blood vessels?

Valves that allow only one-way flow of blood

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atrioventricular valves open?

Ventricular diastole

Which of the following is NOT an anticoagulant or stimulator of blood clot dissolution?

Vitamin K

Which of the following would be most likely to be determined with a patient's ECG recording?

blockage of conduction of electrical signals between the atria and ventricles

Arterial systolic pressure occurs __________ while arterial diastolic pressure occurs __________.

during the middle of the phase of ventricular ejection; just before the semilunar valve opens

Sinoatrial node cells

exhibit spontaneous depolarization that is speeded by the activation of their beta-adrenergic receptors

Normally, the hydrostatic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid favors movement of fluid __________ a tissue capillary. The protein osmotic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid normally favors movement of fluid __________ a tissue capillary.

out of; into

According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart

stroke volume increases with increased venous return

Blood flow through most organs in the systemic circuit is regulated primarily by increasing or decreasing the __________ activity to arteriolar smooth muscles in the organ. Another form of regulation, called __________, depends upon the metabolic activity of the organ. Increased activity leads to increased interstitial fluid metabolites, which cause __________ of the arterioles. The former is a type of __________ regulation of blood flow; the latter is an example of __________ regulation.

sympathetic; active hyperemia; dilation; extrinsic; intrinsic

During the cardiac cycle of an individual at rest

the duration of diastole is greater than that of systole.

Atherosclerosis is

the major cause of heart attacks.

Which is an intermediary protein that enables platelets to adhere to collagen?

von Willebrand factor (vWF)