Chapter 12 - Urinary System

The glomerulus lies within:

Bowman's capsule The glomerulus is a network of intertwining capillaries that lies within the spherical structure known as Bowman's capsule.

Test that includes measurement of pH of the urine.

UA Urinalysis (UA) describes the characteristics of the urine and detects substances in it. Included are a description of the color, odor, pH, and presence of protein or glucose.

Hollow cavity that collects urine.

bladder The bladder serves as a reservoir for storing urine. It is located in the pelvic cavity.

Medical procedure in which a flexible tube drains urine from the bladder.

catheterization Catheterization is a medical procedure in which a catheter (flexible tube) is inserted into the bladder to drain urine.

Test to determine and monitor kidney disease:

creatinine Creatinine is a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine is present in the blood. This test is used to monitor kidney function and the progression of kidney disease.

Inflammation of the bladder.

cystitis Cystitis refers to inflammation or infection of the bladder. Think of the word parts: "cyst/o" means "bladder," and "-itis" means "inflammation of."

Bulging of the bladder through a weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum.

cystocele A cystocele is a hernia in which the bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum. Think of the word parts: "cyst/o" means "bladder" and "-cele" means "hernia."

Procedure to examine the bladder.

cystoscopy Cystocopy is a surgical procedure that uses a rigid or flexible cystoscope that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. Think of the word parts: "cyst/o" means "bladder" and "-scopy" means "process of using an instrument to examine."

Procedure used to treat renal failure.

dialysis Dialysis is a medical procedure that removes waste products from the blood of patients with renal failure.

Drugs used remove water from the body.

diuretic Diuretics block sodium from being absorbed from the tubule back into the blood. The sodium is excreted in the urine, taking water and potassium with it.

Involuntary urination during sleep

enuresis Enuresis refers to involuntary urination during sleep. This condition is also called nocturnal enuresis or bedwetting.

Congenital condition in which the urethral meatus is incorrectly positioned

epispadias Epispadias is a congenital condition in which the female urethral meatus is incorrectly located near the clitoris or the male urethral meatus is incorrectly located on the upper surface of the shaft of the penis rather than at the tip of the glans penis.

Blood flows through a nephron in the following sequence:

glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct Blood flows from branches of the renal artery in the following sequence through the nephron: glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Enlargement of the kidney due to constant pressure from urine.

hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis occurs as a result of urine backing up in the ureter because of an obstructing stone or stricture. As a result, the kidney enlarges due to the constant pressure form urine.

Term that means inability to voluntarily keep urine in the bladder.

incontinence Incontinence refers to the inability to voluntarily keep urine in the bladder. This condition can be caused by spinal cord injury, surgery on the prostate gland, unconsciousness, or cognitive conditions, such as dementia.

Procedure that uses sound waves to break up a kidney stone.

lithotripsy Lithrotripsy is a medical or surgical procedure that uses sound waves to break up a kidney stone. Think of the word parts: "lith/o" means "stone" and "-tripsy" means "the process of crushing."

Uretheral opening to the outside of the body.

meatus The urethral meatus is where the urethra opens to the outside of the body.

A type of kidney tumor that occurs in children.

nephroblastoma Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumor, is a cancerous tumor of the kidney that occurs in children and arises from residual embryonic or fetal tissue. Think of the word parts: "nephr/o" means "kidney," "blast/o" means "immature" or "embryonic," and "-oma" means "tumor."

Kidney stone or calculus formation in the urinary system.

nephrolithiasis Nephrolithiasis refers to kidney stones or calculus formation in the urinary system. Think of the word parts: "nephr/o" means "kidney," "lith/o" means "stone," and "-iasis" means "state of."

Functional unit of the kidney.

nephron The nephron is a microscopic structure that is the functional unit of the kidney and the site of urine production. The glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules are all parts of the nephron.

Surgical procedure to reposition a kidney to its normal anatomical position.

neprhopexy Nephropexy is a surgical procedure to reposition a kidney that is in an abnormally low position.

Dysuria.

painful urination Dysuria refers to difficult or painful urination that is due to many factors. Think of the word parts: "dys-" means "painful," "ur/o" means "urine," and "-ia" means "condition."

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys

releases neurotransmitters The kidneys produce and excrete urine, regulate blood pressure, regulate the pH of the blood, and produce erythropoietin that simulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.

Radiographic procedure that uses x-rays and radiopaque contrast dye to specifically demonstrate condition of renal arteries.

renal angiography A renal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is a radiologic procedure that uses x-rays and radiopaque contrast dye to outline the renal artery and view any obstruction or blockage.

Body area where kidneys reside.

retroperitoneal The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space. This is a small area behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity that is filled with fatty tissues that cushion the kidneys.

Which one of the following is the function of the ureter?

transports urine to the bladder The ureter is a tube from the kidney to the bladder that transports urine.

Tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

ureters There are two ureters connected to the bladder, one for each kidney. The ureter is a 12-inch tube that extends from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder.

Surgical procedure to reposition the urethra.

urethroplasty Urethroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves plastic surgery to reposition the urethra. This is commonly done for hypospadias or epispadias. Think of the word parts: "urethr/o" means "urethra" and "-plasty" means "process of reshaping by surgery."

Another word for "micturition."

urination Micturition means urination or voiding. Look at the word parts: "mictur/o" means "making urine" and "-ition" means "a process."

Formation of an abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina.

vesicovaginal fistula A vesicovaginal fistula is the formation of an abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina. In this condition, urine flows from the bladder into the vagina and is excreted through the vagina. Think of the word parts: "vesic/o" means "bladder," "vagin/o" means "vagina," "-al" means "pertaining to," and "fistula" is a Latin word meaning "tube" or "pipe."