Chapter 12
2) The arbor vitae refers to ________. A) cerebellar gray matter B) flocculonodular nodes C) cerebellar white matter D) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
C
22) The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. A) longitudinal fissure B) cranial fossa C) lateral sulcus D) central sulcus
C
30) The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________. A) reticular formation B) limbic system C) thalamus D) pyramids
A
31) Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid? A) red blood cells B) glucose C) protein D) potassium
A
13) Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex? A) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function. B) No functional area of the cortex works alone. C) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body. D) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.
A
15) The central sulcus separates which lobes? A) frontal from parietal B) frontal from temporal C) parietal from occipital D) temporal from parietal
A
17) Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex? A) fiber tracts B) interneurons C) dendrites D) cell bodies
A
28) The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________. A) association B) automatic memory C) rehearsal D) long-term memory
A
3) The brain stem consists of the ________. A) midbrain, medulla, and pons B) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain C) midbrain only D) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
A
11) Which of the following best describes the cerebrum? A) motor command center B) executive suite C) visceral command center D) decussation center
B
19) Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei? A) playing a role in cognition and emotion B) controlling starting and stopping movements C) initiating protective reflex actions D) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
C
1) Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"? A) lentiform nucleus B) dorsomedial nucleus C) subthalamic nucleus D) suprachiasmatic nucleus
D
10) Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres? A) lateral fissure B) central fissure C) parieto-occipital fissure D) longitudinal fissure
D
12) A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________. A) gyrus B) furrow C) fissure D) sulcus
D
20) Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________. A) spinal nerve roots B) lower motor neurons C) neuromuscular junction D) upper motor neurons
D
21) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) fissures B) ganglia C) sulci D) gyri
D
34) Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) loss of fine motor control B) loss of body temperature control C) sleep disturbances D) dehydration
A
38) Which statement about coma is true? A) Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma. B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state. C) Coma is a form of deep sleep. D) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.
A
39) Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________. A) Parkinson's disease B) Alzheimer's disease C) cerebellar disease D) Huntington's disease
A
41) Declarative memory ________. A) is the ability to learn specific information B) usually involves motor skills C) is best remembered in the doing D) is hard to unlearn when learned once
A
43) Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate? A) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor. B) Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and are often severely disabling. C) The aura in tonic-clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness. D) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.
A
44) White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________. A) cerebral cortex B) outer portion of the spinal cord C) corpus callosum D) corticospinal tracts
A
46) Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. A) premotor cortex B) primary motor cortex C) rubrospinal tracts D) spinal cord
A
55) The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. A) diencephalon B) basal nuclei C) midbrain D) brain stem
A
58) Which type of wave predominates during stage 4 NREM sleep? A) delta B) alpha C) beta D) theta
A
6) What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain? A) ependymal cells B) neurons C) astrocytes D) epithelial cells
A
60) Sleepwalking may occur during ________. A) NREM stage 4 B) NREM stage 1 C) NREM stage 2 D) REM
A
14) If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________. A) hindbrain would not be present B) spinal cord may be affected C) cranial nerves would not form D) telencephalon would cease development
B
16) Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be ________. A) reticulospinal B) lateral spinothalamic C) ventral (anterior) spinothalamic D) posterior spinothalamic
B
25) Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? A) limbic association area B) prefrontal cortex (anterior association area) C) posterior association area D) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex
B
27) All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the ________. A) cingulate gyrus B) caudate nucleus C) amygdaloid body D) hippocampus
B
29) Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano? A) motor B) procedural C) emotional D) declarative
B
32) REM sleep is associated with ________. A) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex B) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm C) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure D) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
B
36) Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory? A) prefrontal cortex B) medulla oblongata C) thalamus D) hippocampus
B
4) The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________. A) frontal lobe B) temporal lobe C) parietal lobe D) prefrontal lobe
B
40) Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? A) swelling B) concussion C) contusion D) hemorrhage
B
42) Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? A) Wernicke's area B) red nuclei C) gustatory cortex D) postcentral gyrus
B
51) What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? A) mammillary bodies B) infundibulum C) arbor vitae D) optic chiasma
B
52) Arachnoid granulations are knoblike projections that protrude superiorly through the ________ mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood. A) subarachnoid B) dura C) arachnoid D) pia
B
54) Which type of memory is exemplified by a racing heartbeat upon hearing a rattlesnake nearby? A) declarative (fact) B) emotional C) motor D) procedural (skills)
B
56) The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________. A) lateral horns B) pyramids C) olives D) nuclei
B
57) The corpora quadrigemina are found in the ________. A) pons B) midbrain C) diencephalon D) cerebellum
B
8) Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. A) cerebrum B) medulla oblongata C) midbrain D) pons
B
24) Broca's area ________. A) controls voluntary movements of the eyes B) serves the recognition of complex objects C) is considered a motor speech area D) is usually found only in the right hemisphere
C
33) Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF? A) nourishment of the brain B) reduction of brain weight C) initiation of some nerve impulses D) protection from blows
C
35) Important nuclei of the indirect (multineuronal) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________. A) red nuclei B) reticular nuclei C) vestibular nuclei D) superior colliculi
C
37) The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________. A) gustatory cortex B) vestibular cortex C) visceral sensory area D) olfactory cortex
C
45) Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________. A) somatosensory cortex B) spinal cord C) thalamus D) medulla
C
47) Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children? A) delta B) alpha C) theta D) beta
C
49) The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________. A) corona radiata B) internal capsule C) corpus callosum D) longitudinal fissure
C
50) Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the ________ is the ultimate cause of Parkinson's disease. A) reticular formation B) internal capsule C) substantia nigra D) red nucleus
C
53) Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________. A) dorsal root ganglion B) ventral (anterior) horn C) dorsal (posterior) horn D) lateral horn
C
62) The light of dawn and the buzz of an alarm clock lead to wakefulness through the ________. A) limbic system B) basal nuclei C) reticular activating system D) cerebellar peduncles
C
9) Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ________. A) the thalamus B) sympathetic ganglia C) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord D) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
C
23) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness. B) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible. C) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location. D) Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.
D
26) The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. A) alcohol B) anesthetics C) nutrients such as glucose D) metabolic waste such as urea
D
48) Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord? A) first B) second C) third D) fourth
D
5) Spinocerebellar tracts ________. A) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord B) terminate in the spinal cord C) give rise to conscious experience of perception D) carry information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum
D
59) The ________ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are destroyed, the result is widespread amnesia. A) hypothalamus B) Wernicke's area C) thalamus D) hippocampus
D
61) Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle-shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres? A) tentorium cerebelli B) corpus callosum C) falx cerebelli D) falx cerebri
D
7) The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A) dura and epidura B) arachnoid and epidura C) arachnoid and dura D) arachnoid and pia
D