Chapter 13
What is a goitrogen?
A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland
What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries?
Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption?
Foods containing vitamin C
Which of the following disorders may be linked with the presence of high blood iron?
Heart disease
Which of the following is an important function of selenium?
Inhibits the formation of free radicals
When eaten in the same meal, which of the following foods enhances the absorption of iron in legumes?
Oranges
Among the following, which does not contain the MFP factor?
Spinach
Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to
dental decay.
Keshan disease results from a deficiency of
selenium.
What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?
Albumin
Which of the following foods are known to contain goitrogens?
Cauliflower and broccoli
What is the function of MFP factor?
Enhances iron absorption
Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of the teeth?
Excessive fluoride in the water
If cow's milk is found to contain unusually high levels of iodine, what is the most likely explanation?
Exposure of cows to iodide-containing medications and disinfectants
When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, all of the following factors are of major importance except
EDTA content.
What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
Functional foods
Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency?
Goiter
Which of the following is known as an iron-overload protein?
Hemosiderin
Which of the following is a known side effect of prolonged ingestion of excessive amounts of zinc supplements?
Copper deficiency due to interference with copper absorption
Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?
Seafood
Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of vitamin E?
Selenium
Which of the following meats would be the best source of copper?
Shellfish
Which of the following trace minerals is known to be involved in bone development?
Silicon
Which of the following is a rich source of phytoestrogens?
Soybeans
As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity?
Insulin
Which of the following foods should be especially limited in the diet of individuals with hemochromatosis?
Iron-fortified cereals
How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?
It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form
Which of the following represents the most reliable dietary source of zinc?
Meats and whole-grain cereals
What is the chief function of hemosiderin?
Stores excess body iron
Which of the following fruits are known to contain substances that inhibit the functioning of the thyroid gland?
Peaches and strawberries
Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron?
Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport
Chromium deficiency is characterized by
hyperglycemia.
Which of the following is a common example of iron contamination in the diet?
Using an iron skillet to scramble eggs can triple their iron content
Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract?
Vitamin C
Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?
Zinc
Which of the following minerals undergoes enteropancreatic circulation during normal metabolism?
Zinc
The most common cause of iron overload is
a genetic predisposition.
One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of
carbohydrates.
Lycopene is classified as a(n)
carotenoid.
The most common cause of iodine deficiency is
insufficient intake of iodine from foods.
Low levels of blood hemoglobin most likely indicate a deficiency of
iron.
Absorption of iron from supplements is improved by taking them with
meat.
All of the following are chief storage sites for surplus iron except the
muscle.
Zinc is highest in foods that also contain a high amount of
protein.
A child diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia would most likely benefit from increasing the consumption of
red meat.
All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except
sugars.
Commercially available zinc-containing lozenges are advertised to be effective against
the common cold.
One of the thyroid gland hormones is called
thyroxine.
Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency?
Excess zinc
Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for iron?
Ferritin
What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?
Hemoglobin
Why are people with iron overload at increased risk for infections?
Iron-rich blood favors growth of bacteria
Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption?
It is higher in people with iron deficiency
Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc?
Metallothionein
Which of the following is known to regulate the absorption of zinc?
Metallothionein in the intestinal cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of iron utilization?
Most of the body's iron is recycled
Which of the following is a feature of zinc in nutrition?
Pancreatic enzymes are rich in zinc
What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?
Pica
Which of the following foods provides the greatest amount of iron per serving?
Pinto beans
What is the major cause of iron deficiency?
Poor nutrition
Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children?
Poor performance in school
Which of the following has been shown to improve absorption of iron from iron supplements?
Taking them on an empty stomach rather than with meals
Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals?
The amounts in foods are dependent, in part, on soil composition
What is hepcidin?
A liver-derived hormone that helps regulate iron absorption and transport
What is a glucose tolerance factor?
A small organic compound that promotes the action of insulin
Which of the following is a common side effect from taking iron supplements?
Constipation
Which of the following minerals functions primarily in reactions that consume oxygen?
Copper
Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin?
Copper
Which of the following characteristics are shared by copper and fluoride?
Both may be obtained from drinking tap water
Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of
iodine.
Which of the following is a protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues?
Transferrin
Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport?
Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow
A measure of the amount at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed
bioavailability.
A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by
decreasing iron absorption.
Naturally occurring food sources of fluoride include all of the following except
milk.
Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?
Chicken
What mineral is part of vitamin B12?
Cobalt
What mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine?
Iodine
What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?
Iodine
Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lives inland?
Iodized table salt
All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except
MFP factor.
What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells?
Myoglobin
What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?
Public water
Iron deficiency in children is likely to result from a diet that overemphasizes
milk.
Iron overload is also known as
hemochromatosis.
