Chapter 13

When did the major influx of Middle Easterners to the US occur?

After WWII

What is regarded as a means to prevent illness?

Ample meals

What are the countries which comprise the Middle East?

Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

Throughout the balkans and the Middle East, how is a family's status determined?

By how well they treat their guests

Cheese here usually comes from which animals' milk?

Camel, goat, sheep

Which Balkan countries have more of a European influence on their cuisine?

Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia

In Turkey, the meals are larger and when is the main meal of the day?

Dinner

In Greece and southern Balkan nations, the main meal of the day is when?

Early afternoon

Describe family structure in a Greek American family.

Family and family honor are important; strong family ties and emphasize the importance of Greek culture to the children

What kind of medicinal practices are present in Balkans and Middle East?

Folk remedies are common; biomedicine is well established

In the Middle East, what determines life and death?

God's will

Which Balkan countries cuisine is more influenced by the Middle East?

Greece and albania

The Balkans are comprised of which countries?

Greece, Albania, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, the Republic of Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Romania

What is the religion in Greece?

Greek Orthodox church

Which countries use leavened breads?

Greek and other Balkan countries

What are the five variations in middle eastern cuisine?

Greek/Turkish, Arabic, Iranian, Israeli, and North African

Is the Middle East a high or low context culture?

High context; spend time getting to know the person before talking business

In the Middle East, which of the humoral medical theories is considered to be the most important?

Hot and cold theory

Greek and Croatian immigrants have settled in the U.S. in two waves divided by...

Immigration Act of 1924

Most Arab immigrants from the Middle East follow what religion?

Islam

Most Israeli immigrants follow what religion?

Judaism

Religions differ across countries, but which faiths are represented across the balkans and the Middle East?

Judaism, Christianity (particularly Eastern Orthodox), and Islam

What is the most widely used meat?

Lamb

In the Middle East, when is the main meal of the day and what is typically served?

Lunch; grains, meat, and vegetables

Describe the geography and climate of the Middle East and Greece.

Mainly arid/unsuitable for agriculture; Arable land is concentrated along the seacoast, in some plains, and in the river valleys.

Describe the geography and climate of the Balkans.

Mainly temperate and good for agriculture

What is Iftar?

Meal that breaks fast during ramadan

Arab men living in the Arabian Peninsula may be at risk for what?

Metabolic syndrome

Where are fruits typically cooked into savory dishes?

Middle east

Where are leavened flatbreads more common?

Middle east

What are the typical drinks served in the Balkans and Middle East?

Min tea, fruit juices, coffee

What are the nations of the Maghreb region of North Africa?

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania, and Libya

Is milk often consumed in the balkans and Middle East?

No; sometimes used in baking; yogurts and cheeses more often consumed

The traditional diet of the countries bordering the Mediterranean is higher in what nutrients?

Omega-3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats

In the Balkans, what is considered to give a person good health?

Physical fitness

What is considered as a disease in itself or as a symptom of health problems?

Poor appetite

Besides lamb, what protein is popular in the Balkans?

Pork

What meat is not eaten in Muslim countries?

Pork

According to middle easterners, what might illness be due to?

Punishment from God

Vegetables are frequently stuffed with what?

Rice and meat

List ingredients that are common in the Balkans and Middle East.

Rice, wheat, olives, dates, sheep, chickpeas, and lemon

Most Croatians and Slovenians follow what religion?

Roman Catholicism

What is the religion in Serbia?

Serbian Orthodox Autonomous Church

What proteins aren't eats by Jewish persons in Israel?

Shellfish, pork

It is believed that illness is caused by what?

Shifts in hot and cold in food or by eating incompatible foods together

Where are fresh fruits preferred?

The balkans

What are the meals patterns like in the balkans?

Three meals a day with midday main meal

The most significant differences between Balkan and Middle Eastern foods are due to...

Various religious dietary restrictions

In the Middle East and in the balkans, food is used to celebrate what events?

Wedding, birth, religious occasions

What is the dominant grain in the Balkans and the Middle East?

Wheat; bread is eastern with each meal

What do some middle easterners ascribe illness to?

Wind/air

What is Eid al-Fitr?

celebration at the end of Ramadan

In the Middle East, what is considered health maintenance?

cleanliness, diet, and keeping warm and dry

How does the diet of Greeks change upon coming to America?

continue to use olive oil and to eat salads and fruits before and after meals; maintain traditional meal patterns, but main meal now dinner

Describe the cuisine of the northern balkans.

pork, veal, cooler-weather fruits/vegetables, and fresh dairy

How does the diet change of middle eastern individuals upon arriving to the us?

still have a substantial midday meal, and extended family may dine together daily

Describe family structure in Arab American families.

strongly patriarchal, extended families often live together (except Egyptians); family demands conformity of the individual to the roles/responsibilities associated with group membership; Gender roles are strongly delineated; modesty and chastity of women in the family relate to family honor

Which distinct ethnic populations of the Middle East have no homeland?

the Palestinians, Kurds, Chaldeans, and Assyrians

In the Middle East, what reflects the status of a guest?

the foods and in what order they are given to a guest

Describe health beliefs of middle eastern culture.

touching members of the opposite sex is prohibited; family members expect to be part of the decision making process; biomedicine is respected and valued

A traditional way of cooking vegetables is called...

yiachni or yakhini