chapter 13 environmental science test

How long will it take for chlorofluorocarbons released from Earth's surface today to reach the stratosphere?

10 to 20 years

rain shadow

A(n) _________________________ is often found on the inland side of a mountain range.

The _________________________ is an international agreement that limits CFC production.

Montreal Protocol

During a(an) ____________________ period, winds push warm water eastward in the Pacific Ocean.

b. El Nino

Which of the following statements related to global warming is not accurate?

b. Only fossil fuels, not living plants, release carbon dioxide when burned.

Which of the following would occur if Earth were not tilted relative to the plane of its orbit?

b. Temperate regions would no longer have seasonal changes in climate.

A predicted increase in Earth's average temperature caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide is known as _________________________.

b. global warming

The _________________________ is a process by which the atmosphere reradiates infrared radiation back to Earth's surface and thereby warms Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

b. greenhouse effect

Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature?

b. increased polar ice mass

A true statement concerning the physical properties of air is that

b. warm air can hold more water vapor than an equal amount of cold air.

Rain frequently results whenever

b. warm, moist air rises.

During summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere experiences

b. winter.

Water vapor and carbon dioxide reradiate infrared radiation in the atmosphere back to the surface of Earth, so they are called _________________________.

c. greenhouse gases

A true statement about greenhouse gases is that they

c. reradiate infrared radiation back to Earth.

The average global temperature has _____ during the 20th century.

c. risen some years and fallen others, but has increased overall

La Niña is the _____ phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.

cold

The thinning of the ozone layer

d. All of the above

Which of the following best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region?

d. All of the above

The difference between global warming and climate changes is that

d. global warming is a consequence of climate changes.

One serious consequence of climate change, a rise in sea levels, could result in ____________________ of beaches.

erosion

Ultraviolet radiation is particularly dangerous because

it can damage genetic material in cells.

Latitude strongly influences climate because _____ solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles.

more

Stratospheric ____________________ is destroyed by chlorine atoms released from CFCs.

ozone

If polar ice masses melt as a result of climate change, sea levels will ____________________.

rise

Which of the following correctly states an observation that helps to explain circulation patterns in the atmosphere?

Warm air rises and cools sinks.

A continuous record from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, reveals that annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrations have ____________________ since 1958.

a. increased

The _________________________ is an international agreement that seeks to limit CO2 emissions from developed countries.

a. kyoto protocol

As the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases,

a. more ultraviolet light is able to reach Earth's surface.

Climate in a region is

a. the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.

Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because

a. their chlorine atoms can destroy many stratospheric ozone molecules.