Chapter 13 Review Quiz

Turing Test

A behavioral approach to determining whether a computers system is intelligent.

Semantic Network

A knowledge representation technique that represents the relationships among objects.

LISP

A popular AI Programming language

Chatbot

A program designed to carry on a conversation with a human user

Rule-Based System

A software system based on a set of if-then rules

Search Tree

A structure that represents alternatives in adversarial situations, such as game playing.

Artificial Neural Network

Attempts to mimic the actions of the neural networks of the human body.

Which is a software system based on the knowledge of human experts? Expert System Knowledge-Based System Artificial Neural Network Rule-Based System

Expert System

A biological neuron accepts a single input signal and produces multiple output signals.

False

A computer has never beaten a human at chess in master-level play.

False

A high effective weight simulates an inhibited biological neuron.

False

A robot may follow the sense-plan-act approach to control its movements.

False

Strong equivalence in a Turing test means that the human and computer are equivalent in results, but they do not necessarily arrive at the results the same way.

False

Syntactic ambiguity is no longer a problem for natural language comprehension.

False

Voice synthesis is the most difficult part of natural language processing.

False

Biological Neuron

Has multiple input tentacles called dendrites and one primary output tentacle called an axon.

Which is a software system that embodies and uses a specific set of information, extracting and processing particular pieces. Rule-Based System Knowledge-Based System Expert System Artificial Neural Network

Knowledge-Based System

Which of the following can occur when words have multiple meanings? Referential ambiguity Syntactic ambiguity Lexical ambiguity Weak equivalence Strong equivalence

Lexical ambiguity

Which of the following describes a language, like English, that humans use to communicate with each other? Voice synthesis Voiceprint Natural language Phonemes Voice recognition

Natural language

Which of the following is the area of study dealing with a computer's ability to interpret and respond to human speech? Semantic network Expert system Natural language processing Neural network Search tree

Natural language processing

Which of the following mimics the process of the human brain? Natural-language processing Expert system Neural network Semantic network Search tree

Neural network

Which of the following can occur with the use of pronouns? Weak-equivalence Strong equivalence Referential ambiguity Lexical ambiguity Syntactic ambiguity

Referential ambiguity

Which is a software system based on a set of it-then rules? Rule-Based System Expert System Knowledge-Based System Artificial Neural Network

Rule-Based System

Depth-First Approach

Search down the paths of a tree prior to searching across levels.

Which of the following represents all possible moves of a game? Search tree Natural-language processing Expert system Neural network Semantic network

Search tree

Breadth-First Approach

Searching across levels of a tree prior to searching down specific paths.

Which of the following is a knowledge representation technique that represents the relationships among objects? Neural network Expert system Semantic network Search tree Natural language processing

Semantic network

Knowledge-Based System

Software system that embodies and uses a specific set of information, extracting and processing particular pieces.

Which of the following can occur when sentences can be constructed in various ways? Strong equivalence Syntactic ambiguity Lexical ambiguity Weak equivalence Referential ambiguity

Syntactic ambiguity

Referential Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when pronouns could be applied to multiple objects.

Syntactic Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when sentences can be constructed in various ways.

Lexical Ambiguity

The ambiguity created when words have multiple meanings.

Weak Equivalence

The equality of two systems based on their results

Strong Equivalence

The equality of two systems based on their results and the process by which they arrive at those results

Loebner Prize

The first formal instantiation of the Turing test, held annually

Voiceprint

The plot of frequency changes over time representing the sound of human speech

Phonemes

The set of fundamental sounds made in any given natural language

Inference Engine

The software system based on the knowledge of human experts.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind.

A computer does some tasks much better than a human being.

True

A computer system that can pass the Turing test is considered to be intelligent.

True

A computer that passes the Turing test would demonstrate weak equivalence.

True

A human being does some tasks much better than a computer.

True

A low effective weight simulates an inhibited biological neuron.

True

A semantic network is used to model relationships.

True

An expert system is software based on the knowledge of human experts in a particular domain.

True

An inference engine is part of a rule-based expert system

True

Computers can perform arithmetic calculations quickly and easily.

True

Each element of an artificial neural net is affected by a numeric weight.

True

Each human has a unique voiceprint that can be used to train voice recognition systems.

True

Herbert A. Simon, one of the earliest pioneers in artificial intelligence, was a "renaissance man" with interests in computer science, psychology, and philosophy; a Ph.D. in political science; a Nobel Prize in economics; and a Turing Award.

True

Isaac Asimov created three fundamental laws of robotics.

True

Natural languages are those that humans use to communicate, such as English or Arabic.

True

Robots that do not move, such as those found on an assembly line, are called fixed robots.

True

The human brain contains billions of neurons connected into a network.

True

The kind of problem we are trying to solve may dictate the structure we impose on the data.

True

The word "light" can be interpreted in many ways by a computer.

True

Natural-Language Comprehension

Using a computer to apply meaningful interpretation to human communication.

Voice Synthesis

Using a computer to create the sound of human speech

Voice Recognition

Using a computer to recognize the words spoken by a human.

Which of the following is the plot of frequency changes that occur when a human says a particular word? Voiceprint Voice recognition Natural language Voice synthesis Phonemes

Voiceprint

Which refers to the equality of two systems based on their results? Lexical ambiguity Syntactic ambiguity Weak equivalence Referential ambiguity Strong equivalence

Weak equivalence

Which of the following is not one of the three most common systems used to allow a mobile robot to move? Wheels Legs Wings Tracks

Wings

Alan Turing

Wrote a paper entitled "Can Machines Think?"

Herbert A. Simon

Wrote papers on the simulation of human thinking, problem solving, and verbal learning marked the beginning of the field of artificial intelligence.