Chapter 14

Because sedative hypnotics depress overall CNS function, the nurse should identify the patient's

Level of alertness Orientation Ability to perform motor functions

An older adult patient received a hypnotic agent at 9:00 PM. At 2:00 AM, the nurse discovers that the patient has removed her gown and is attempting to get out of bed without assistance. What type of medication effect is the patient exhibiting?

Paradoxical

Which two phases make up normal sleep?

Rapid eye movement (REM) and non REM

Barbiturates have which common adverse effects?

Residual daytime sedation Headache Blurred vision Impaired coordination

Which sleep pattern stage diminishes as an effect of aging?

Stage IV

Why are benzodiazepines often preferred over barbiturates?

They have selective action at specific receptor sites. There is a wide range of safety between therapeutic and lethal levels. REM sleep is decreased to a lesser extent. Accidental overdoses are well tolerated.

Providing a back rub will promote relaxation and

reduce anxiety associated with a new environment.

Chloral hydrate may enhance the anticoagulant effects of

warfarin.

The nurse finds that a patient is extremely agitated, yells frequently, and is attempting to get out of bed without assistance. What is the nurse's initial action?

Spend uninterrupted time listening to the patient.

Which disease is associated with insufficient sleep?

Myocardial infarction

A patient has been prescribed lorazepam [Ativan], a benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. Which action will the nurse take?

Assess the patient's blood pressure in sitting and lying positions.

Somnote is available in capsule form and should not be chewed, should be taken with a full glass of water, should be taken

after meals, and is usually ordered to be taken three times a day after meals.

Antihistamines [particularly diphenhydramine and doxylamine] have sedative properties that may be used

for short term [one week] treatment of mild insomnia.

Liver function tests will be performed on a patient taking diazepam [valium] experiencing nausea because nausea, vomiting, and jaundice can be indicative of

hepatotoxicity.

a sedative quiets the patient and gives a feeling of relaxation and is

not necessarily accompanied by sleep.

A hypnotic is a drug that

produces sleep

What can occur as a result of rapid withdrawal from long term use of barbiturate therapy?

Anxiety Delirium Weakness Grand mal seizures

In addition to facilitating sleep, what is another benefit of sedatives?

Decreased patient anxiety

For what conditions are benzodiazepines prescribed?

Preoperative sedation