Chapter 14
Because sedative hypnotics depress overall CNS function, the nurse should identify the patient's
Level of alertness Orientation Ability to perform motor functions
An older adult patient received a hypnotic agent at 9:00 PM. At 2:00 AM, the nurse discovers that the patient has removed her gown and is attempting to get out of bed without assistance. What type of medication effect is the patient exhibiting?
Paradoxical
Which two phases make up normal sleep?
Rapid eye movement (REM) and non REM
Barbiturates have which common adverse effects?
Residual daytime sedation Headache Blurred vision Impaired coordination
Which sleep pattern stage diminishes as an effect of aging?
Stage IV
Why are benzodiazepines often preferred over barbiturates?
They have selective action at specific receptor sites. There is a wide range of safety between therapeutic and lethal levels. REM sleep is decreased to a lesser extent. Accidental overdoses are well tolerated.
Providing a back rub will promote relaxation and
reduce anxiety associated with a new environment.
Chloral hydrate may enhance the anticoagulant effects of
warfarin.
The nurse finds that a patient is extremely agitated, yells frequently, and is attempting to get out of bed without assistance. What is the nurse's initial action?
Spend uninterrupted time listening to the patient.
Which disease is associated with insufficient sleep?
Myocardial infarction
A patient has been prescribed lorazepam [Ativan], a benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. Which action will the nurse take?
Assess the patient's blood pressure in sitting and lying positions.
Somnote is available in capsule form and should not be chewed, should be taken with a full glass of water, should be taken
after meals, and is usually ordered to be taken three times a day after meals.
Antihistamines [particularly diphenhydramine and doxylamine] have sedative properties that may be used
for short term [one week] treatment of mild insomnia.
Liver function tests will be performed on a patient taking diazepam [valium] experiencing nausea because nausea, vomiting, and jaundice can be indicative of
hepatotoxicity.
a sedative quiets the patient and gives a feeling of relaxation and is
not necessarily accompanied by sleep.
A hypnotic is a drug that
produces sleep
What can occur as a result of rapid withdrawal from long term use of barbiturate therapy?
Anxiety Delirium Weakness Grand mal seizures
In addition to facilitating sleep, what is another benefit of sedatives?
Decreased patient anxiety
For what conditions are benzodiazepines prescribed?
Preoperative sedation