Chapter 14

A natural feedback solution to an environmental problem is unique because it is: a. the only one that operates independent of human activity b. the only one that addresses the adverse consequences of the problem c. the only one that addresses the driving forces of the problem d. the most effective e. the fastest way to produce results

A. the only one that operates independent of human activity

Which of the following mechanisms of environmental change is exemplified by soil erosion caused by plowing a steep hillside? a. input of waste materials into the biosphere b. redistribution or sequestering of natural resources c. direct interference of biological entities d. adverse human consequences

B. Redistribution or sequestering of natural sources

"NIMBY" stands for which concept? a. when natural feedback loops are not able to solve an environmental problem b. when people do not want undesirable land-use activities near their residences c. when large corporations pay local residents to compensate for pollution d. when people hope that a problem will go away by ignoring it e. when nearby impacts are a function of movement, base, and year

B. when people do not want undesirable land-use activities near their residences

"The Scourge of Cows" describes environmental damage in what region? a. Africa b. Asia c. Latin America d. Australia e. United States-Mexico border region

C. Latin America

Which of the following are human driving forces? a. forestry and industry b. soil erosion and water pollution c. population growth and culture, d. lung disease and species extinction

C. population growth and culture

The primary mechanism causing the Aral Sea to shrink in size is: a. pollution b. species manipulation c. redistribution of natural resources d. none of the above

C. redistribution of natural resources

Which of the following is not one of the three basic categories of humancaused environmental change a. input of waste materials into the biosphere b. redistribution or sequestering of natural resources (energy or materials) c. direct interference with biological entities d. burying of solid, hazardous, and toxic wastes

D. Burying of solid, hazardous, and toxic wastes

Which order of the following fossil fuels ranks them starting with the one that produces the most CO2 for a given amount of heat energy, and ending with the one that produces the least? a. natural gas, coal, oil b. oil, natural gas, coal c. oil, coal, natural gas d. coal, oil, natural gas

D. coal, oil, natural gas

In the article about tropical deforestation, road-building into the Amazon is an example of which kind of driving force? a. population b. affluence c. technology d. political/economic decisions e. cultural values

D. political/economic decisions

Which of the following is not one of the five primary human driving forces of environmental change? a. population b. affluence c. technology d. pollution e. political and economic policy

D. pollution

Which of the following would be considered the primary human driving force behind the desertification of the Aral Sea region? a. population b. affluence c. technology d. culture e. political and economic systems

E. political and economic system

Chopping down trees in the rainforest is a form of "direct biological interference." (T/F)

True

Human impact on the natural environment results from human interference with ecosystem cycles. (T/F)

True

In general, individuals in more-developed countries consume more resources on a per capita basis. (T/F)

True

The IPAT formula calculates environmental impact as a factor of population, affluence, and technology. (T/F)

True