Public Health

4 core functions of PH

1. Assessment 2. Policy and Development 3. Assurance 4. Communication

10 essential services

1. Monitor health status 2. diagnose and investigate 3. inform, educate, and empower 4. mobilize community partnerships 5. develop policies and plans 6. enforce laws and regulations 7. link people to needed services/assure care 8. Assure a competent workforce 9. evaluate health services 10. Research

5 waves of public health

1. Structural- classic ph interventions (water, sanitation, garbage disposal) Dr. John Snow 2. Biomedical- continued/expanded sanitary reform, breakthroughs including manufacturing, medicine, engineering, transport, communications 3. Clinical- redesign of social institutions that resulted in the welfare state 4. social- focus on individual risk factors/lifestyle issues, effective health care interventions 5. cultural- shared responsibility for health

list/describe the etiological causes of death

1. tobacco 2. poor diet and physical inactivity 3. alcohol consumption 4. microbial agents 5. toxic agents 6. motor vehicle crashes 7. firearms use 8. sexual behavior 9. illicit drug use

10 great public achievements of the 20th century

1. vaccination 2. motor-vehicle safety 3. safer workplaces 4. control of infectious diseases 5. decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke 6. safer and healthier foods 7. healthier mothers and babies 8. family planning 9. fluoridation of drinking water 10. recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard

list/describe advocacy activities

1. write letters/emails to your legislators to express to them how you'd like them to vote 2. visit your local congressperson 3. getting local media to write/report on issue 4. marches to bring attention to the issue in a very public way 5. draft a petition and gather signatures 6. write an op-ed piece for your local newspaper to raise awareness about the issue 7. using social media to get the word out about a cause 8. PSAs 9. position statements by organizations that are working the issue 10. campaign to educate community on issue, raise awareness and encourage others to participate in advocacy 11. other organized activities aimed at raising awareness about an issue in an effort to change the way the issue is handled

Describe the trends in the 20th century mortality

1960- Kerr Mills Amendments to Social Security Act provides state grants for care of elderly 1962- Kefauver-Harria Amendments to FDA establishes drug efficacy standards; first Vaccination Assistance Act 1964- US Surgeon General's report on smoking and health 1965-Medicare and Medicaid amendments to social security act 1969- coal mine safety and health act 1970- occupational safety and health act

Health Disparity

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage

list competencies expected of PH professionals

Analytic assessment skills, policy development/program planning, financial planning and management, communication, cultural competency, community dimensions of practice, basic public health sciences, leadership and systems thinking

Factors that contributed to the spread of the plague

Bubonic (transmitted by fleas) Pneumonic (transmitted by aerosol/sneezing)

Describe the CHES/CPH certification and their benefits

CHES- sponsored by National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, certified through exam, must have a bachelors, master's or doctoral degree with coursework in education or related field CPH- sponsored by National Board of Public Health, certified through exam

list/describe 5 categories of health determinants

Policymaking: federal, local, state-level policies, focus on people or items, family legislation, taxation Social factors: social issues, education/schools, physical barriers, natural environment, housing Health services: access to services, quality of services, high cost, language barriers biology/genetics: age/sex, inherited, family history, gene mutation carriers individual behaviors: diet, exercise, tobacco, seatbelt use, sunscreen use, psychology, faith

Determinant of health

a range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that influence health status

compare and contrast advocacy and lobbying

advocacy- involves activities aimed at advancing a cause or principle lobbying- involves activities aimed at influencing public officials regarding specific legislation

health system

all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health

Social Determinants of health

conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age including the health system

Health inequity

differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups

Health disparity vs. health inequity

disparity: differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups Inequity: concerns those differences in population health that can be traced to unequal economic and social conditions and are systemic and avoidable; thus being inherently unjust and unfair

list/describe 5 categories of social determinants of health

economic stability: employment, food security, housing instability, poverty education:early childhood education and development, enrollment in higher education, high school graduation, language and literacy social and community context: civic participation, discrimination, incarceration, social cohesion health and health care: access to health care, access to primary care, health literacy neighborhood and built environment: access to foods that support healthy eating patterns, crime and violence, environmental conditions, quality of housing

list/describe stages of group development

forming- confusion, hesitant, dependence, discovery storming- conflict, jealousy, resistance to group formation, attempts at order norming- caring relationships, group cohesion, information sharing, harmony performing- group identity, successful problem-solving and decision-making, productivity, accomplishment adjourning- quiet, sense of achievement, closure

Significance of SDOH

health is very sensitive to the social environment, improve daily living conditions, social environments are created and can be changed

Describe attributes of a profession

interdisciplinary, force of change, long term rewards, primary social concern, scientific base, institutional practice, personal characteristics, humility; perseverance; integrity

Health

is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

List/describe attributes of leaders and team members

leader- driven/motivated, integrity, good communication, charismatic team member- honest and straightforward, shares the load, reliable, fair, complements others' skills, good communication skills, positive attitude

discuss three levels of prevention

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Public Health

refers to ANY activities intended to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among a population as a whole

Describe risk vs. protective factors of health

risk: increase chances examples- poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, discrimination protective: decrease chances examples- healthy eating, stable family bonds, physical activity, supportive community

30-30-30 model

socio-economic factors +30%, racism factors +30%, cultural factors+30%, medical care factors +10%, biological factors +1%= attributable risk percent

domains of competency learning objectives

specific, measurable, action items that we use to attain a goal, objectives are how we are going to get people to be able to do them

competency

the habitual and judicious use of communication, knowledge, technical skills, clinical reasoning, emotions, values, and reflection in daily practice for the benefit of the individual and community being served

define/describe advocacy

the process of turning passive support into educated action by stakeholders

describe hygiene hypothesis

too clean environments which fail to provide the necessary exposure to germs, immune system not "educated" to learn to launch its defense responses to infectious organisms

list/describe different types of microbial agents -identify diseases caused by these microbial agents

wash hands after using bathroom; changing diapers; dealing with pet waste; coughing or sneezing; prepare raw meats, veggies, or fruits