Chapter 14 A&P 139

What results when a type A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood?

Agglutination of the donor red blood cells

The hormone released form the kidneys that promotes the production of red blood cells is ____________

Erythropoietin

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

False

Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell?

Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

The distribution of ABO blood types among Korean Americans differs markedly from that of Native Americans in that

Korean Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Native Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.

Which of the following are most active as phagocytes?

Neutrophils

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not

Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?

Platelets

Indicate which situation would increase the risk of blood clot formation.

Prolonged immobility

The risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurs with:

Rh- mom and Rh+ fetus

What is the substance in tea that binds iron, reducing the amount absorbed?

Tannic acid

Which of the following drinks reduces the amount of iron absorbed from food?

Tea

What is the role of hematopoietic growth factors?

To influence hemocytoblasts to give rise to specific formed elements

A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching

a lung through a pulmonary artery.

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

act against foreign substances.

Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell disease by

activating production of hemoglobin normally produced only in a fetus.

The clumping of red blood cells that occurs when transfused blood is of an incompatible type is called _____________

agglutination

The most abundant type of plasma protein is ____________ .

albumin

Blood volume varies with

all of the above.

In leukemia

all of the above.

Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis are

all of the above.

The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign molecules are

antibodies.

Pus is composed of

bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.

Plasma electrolytes include

bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions.

"Formed elements" are

blood cells and platelets

As a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, blood protein concentration

decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces

On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about

deep vein thrombosis.

Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

deoxyhemoglobin.

The test in which the percentages of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample is determined is the _________ white blood cell count.

differential

A clot that breaks lose and travels in the blood flow is called a(n) ____________ .

embolus

The kidney hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is called ________.

erythropoietin

A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell.

false

People who are Rh-negative will typically have anti-Rh antibodies in their blood.

false

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor.

false

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

fibrinogen to fibrin.

Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ______ in color and bilirubin is ______ in color.

greenish; orange

Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO) because it

increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells

Heparin prevents blood clotting by

inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.

Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of

intrinsic factor.

Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into

iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin

The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is

iron deficiency anemia.

An abnormally low white blood cell count is called ____________ .

leukopenia

The formed elements in the blood are

mostly red blood cells.

Diapedesis is

movements of white blood cells out of the circulation.

Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ________________

neutrophil

Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ________________ .

neutrophil

Name the formed element that is a cell fragment.

platelet

In an adult, red blood cells are produced primarily in the _______ _______ ________ .

red bone marrow

Describe the function of platelets.

reduces blood loss from damaged blood vessels

At what stage of erythopoiesis is the developing red blood cell released into the circulation?

reticulocyte

Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by

serotonin released from platelets.

As a platelet plug forms, platelets release

serotonin.

The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates

the extrinsic clotting mechanism.

Hematocrit is

the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample

Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not.

true

Two substances that are useful for dissolving blood clots are

urokinase and streptokinase

A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type ________ blood.

A

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A monocyte

The typical life span of a red blood cell is:

120 days

What percentage of the US population is Rh negative?

15% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

45%