Chapter 14 A&P 139
What results when a type A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood?
Agglutination of the donor red blood cells
The hormone released form the kidneys that promotes the production of red blood cells is ____________
Erythropoietin
A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
False
Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell?
Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
The distribution of ABO blood types among Korean Americans differs markedly from that of Native Americans in that
Korean Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Native Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.
Which of the following are most active as phagocytes?
Neutrophils
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not
Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?
Platelets
Indicate which situation would increase the risk of blood clot formation.
Prolonged immobility
The risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurs with:
Rh- mom and Rh+ fetus
What is the substance in tea that binds iron, reducing the amount absorbed?
Tannic acid
Which of the following drinks reduces the amount of iron absorbed from food?
Tea
What is the role of hematopoietic growth factors?
To influence hemocytoblasts to give rise to specific formed elements
A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching
a lung through a pulmonary artery.
A primary function of lymphocytes is to
act against foreign substances.
Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell disease by
activating production of hemoglobin normally produced only in a fetus.
The clumping of red blood cells that occurs when transfused blood is of an incompatible type is called _____________
agglutination
The most abundant type of plasma protein is ____________ .
albumin
Blood volume varies with
all of the above.
In leukemia
all of the above.
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis are
all of the above.
The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign molecules are
antibodies.
Pus is composed of
bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.
Plasma electrolytes include
bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions.
"Formed elements" are
blood cells and platelets
As a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, blood protein concentration
decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces
On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about
deep vein thrombosis.
Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of
deoxyhemoglobin.
The test in which the percentages of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample is determined is the _________ white blood cell count.
differential
A clot that breaks lose and travels in the blood flow is called a(n) ____________ .
embolus
The kidney hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is called ________.
erythropoietin
A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell.
false
People who are Rh-negative will typically have anti-Rh antibodies in their blood.
false
Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor.
false
The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of
fibrinogen to fibrin.
Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ______ in color and bilirubin is ______ in color.
greenish; orange
Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO) because it
increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells
Heparin prevents blood clotting by
inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.
Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of
intrinsic factor.
Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into
iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin
The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is
iron deficiency anemia.
An abnormally low white blood cell count is called ____________ .
leukopenia
The formed elements in the blood are
mostly red blood cells.
Diapedesis is
movements of white blood cells out of the circulation.
Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ________________
neutrophil
Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ________________ .
neutrophil
Name the formed element that is a cell fragment.
platelet
In an adult, red blood cells are produced primarily in the _______ _______ ________ .
red bone marrow
Describe the function of platelets.
reduces blood loss from damaged blood vessels
At what stage of erythopoiesis is the developing red blood cell released into the circulation?
reticulocyte
Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by
serotonin released from platelets.
As a platelet plug forms, platelets release
serotonin.
The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates
the extrinsic clotting mechanism.
Hematocrit is
the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample
Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not.
true
Two substances that are useful for dissolving blood clots are
urokinase and streptokinase
A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type ________ blood.
A
Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
A monocyte
The typical life span of a red blood cell is:
120 days
What percentage of the US population is Rh negative?
15% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about
45%
