Chapter 14 - Abnormal Psych
Which of the following are the two distinct phases of alcohol's effects on the brain?
-In low doses, the user becomes more self-confident and relaxed -In high doses, the user exhibits symptoms of depression and sexual dysfunction.
Which of the following are effects of cannabis?
-Lethargy -Feeling of well-being -Heightened awareness of environment
Which of the following are causes of death from drinking large quantities of alcohol?
-Respiratory paralysis -Interactions with other substances or drugs
Aaron is a 19-year-old college student who drinks alcohol. Which of the following would Marlatt and colleagues say are reasonable approaches to this situation?
-The focus of interventions should be on education -College students can learn to drink safely -College drinking should be viewed as normative.
Which of the following are effects of depressants?
-They reduce concentration -They impair motor skills -They slow the central nervous system.
What type of substance abuses are common in the over age 65 group?
-alcohol misuse -prescription drug abuse
Which of the following are among the four conditions that have historically been seen as important in defining individuals' use of substances?
-dependence -intoxication -abuse
Which of the following would best be described as cognitive strategies in treating substance disorder?
-challenging dysfunctional thinking -examination of expectations -engaging in active problem-solving
Which of the following are part of the behavioral therapeutic tools for substance disorder?
-classical conditioning -aversive conditioning -drugs such as disulfiram
Which of the following are typical of the abstinence violation effect?
-guilt because of violation -self-blame for lack of willpower -attribution to lack of self-control
Which of the following are true of motivational interviewing?
-it was developed by william miller -the interviewer uses empathy in the interview -it is used primarily for substance use
Which of the following are pharmacological treatments for nicotine dependence?
-nicotine gum -nicotine patch -bupropion
Which of the following are goals of cognitive-behavior therapy in the treatment of substance use disorders?
-motivating a person to stop using -teaching new coping skills -changing reinforcements for substance use
Which of the following medications reduce a person's interest in drinking by blocking receptors or chemical effects?
-naltrexone -disulfiram -acamprosate
In most U.S. states, the legal definition of intoxication is if a person's blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.
0.08
Which of the following are street names for amphetamines?
-speed -chalk -meth
Approximately, what percentage of older adults can be considered heavy drinkers?
10%
According to meta-analyses and reviews of existing treatments, the treatment of substance-related disorders may help only ____ percent of people with substance user disorders abstain for up to 1 year.
17-35
What percent of alcohol dependents or abusers recover on their own without seeking treatment?
25%
What percent of alcohol dependents or abusers seek treatment?
25%
According to controlled studies, how many number of sessions of motivational interviewing seems to be effective in reducing substance use?
4
About _____ percent of adults in the United States are heavy drinkers.
7%
Mortality rates for smokers are _____ percent greater than for nonsmokers.
70%
Which of the following are used for nicotine dependence?
Bupropion and varenicline
Which of the following might occur in the third stage of alcohol withdrawal?
Delusions Hallucinations Death Profuse perspiration
Jennifer's psychotherapist uses a technique that associates thoughts of alcohol use with thoughts of highly unpleasant consequences. Her therapist is most likely _____.
behavioral
Who of the following is more likely to have a gambling disorder?
Eric, African American male, aged 33
Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence if his or her _____________ -alcohol level is above 0.08
blood
The most heavily used stimulant is _____.
caffeine
Which of the following are opioids?
Hydrocodone Percocet OxyContin
Marijuana is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the __________ plant
cannabis
Which of the following was a large, multi-site clinical trial that compared three interventions in terms of effectiveness?
MATCH
Dr. Wheeler works with clients with substance disorders. He encourages them to identify situations in which use is probable to examine their expectations, challenge their dysfunctional thoughts, and engage in active problem-solving. Which theoretical orientation does Dr. Wheeler favor?
cognitive
Which of the following are potential sources of caffeine?
Over-the-counter cold remedies Tea Coffee Chocolate
The second stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by _____.
convulsive seizures
Which of the following are hallucinogens?
Peyote Psilocybin mushrooms LSD
A(n) ____________ is a drug that causes people perceptual changes in even small doses.
hallucinogen
Which of the following medications is thought to block the effects of endorphins during drinking, which creates a reduction in cravings?
naltrexone
The MATCH study compared three interventions: cognitive-behavioral, a 12 step program, and motivational interviewing for alcohol use disorders. What were the findings?
all of the interventions were equally effective
____________ drugs block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.
antagonist
____________ are a type of drug that slows the central nervous system.
depressants
Some drugs, such as amphetamines and cocaine, directly increase the availability of __________ in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain.
dopamine
True or false: The treatment of substance related disorders is not as challenging as it once was because of increased awareness.
false
The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur in stages. The ____ stage involves tremulousness, weakness, anxiety, headache, and nausea.
first
substance _____________ is a set of behavioral and physiological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.
intoxication
Which of the following is true?
men are more likely to have a gambling disorder than women
In most countries in the world, _____.
men are most likely to drink alcohol
Amphetamines and _____________ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems.
methamphetamines
The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is ____________
nicotine
When ____________ enters the bloodstream from smoking a cigarette, it helps release several biochemicals in the brain, including endogenous opioids.
nicotine
Marlatt and colleagues have argued that a more credible approach to college drinking is to recognize it as __________ behavior
normative
Myra is in an alcohol abstinence program. She has a slip during which she becomes very drunk, and so she considers dropping out of therapy altogether. Her therapist uses a _____________ prevention technique by telling her that this is part of the treatment process and is a temporary setback.
relapse
Melvin drinks very large quantities of alcohol and so is at risk for death from ____________ paralysis
respiratory
The gender gap in alcohol use is much greater among men and women who subscribe to traditional gender ____________
roles
Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of action in MDMA?
serotonin
Amphetamines are _____.
stimulants
In the DSM-5, chronic difficulty in resisting urges to take a substance is described as a(n) _____________ use disorder
substance
Avery had been drinking, was stopped for speeding, and was asked to walk a straight line, which he was unable to do. Which of the following best describes Avery's situation?
substance intoxication
Which of the following is the disorder used in the DSM-5 to describe chronic difficulties in resisting the desire to drink alcohol or take drugs?
substance use disorder
Alcohol withdrawal occurs in stages. The first stage occurs within a few hours after drinking has been stopped and involves which of the following?
the shakes and nausea
Which condition is not identified as being important in defining individuals' use of substances?
tolerance
True or false: In low doses, alcohol causes people to feel more self-confident, relaxed and slightly euphoric.
true
True or false: Whether someone's substance use progresses into a disorder depends on a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social vulnerabilities.
true
One personality characteristic consistently related to an increased risk of substance use disorders is behavioral _____________, or the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors.
undercontrol
Amphetamine use is ____ in the United States.
widespread
Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol who decided one day to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness. Bart was most likely displaying substance ______________
withdrawal
Which of the following describes a set of negative physiological and psychological symptoms that a person experiences when they are dependent on a substance and stop using it?
withdrawal