Chapter 14 - Abnormal Psych

Which of the following are the two distinct phases of alcohol's effects on the brain?

-In low doses, the user becomes more self-confident and relaxed -In high doses, the user exhibits symptoms of depression and sexual dysfunction.

Which of the following are effects of cannabis?

-Lethargy -Feeling of well-being -Heightened awareness of environment

Which of the following are causes of death from drinking large quantities of alcohol?

-Respiratory paralysis -Interactions with other substances or drugs

Aaron is a 19-year-old college student who drinks alcohol. Which of the following would Marlatt and colleagues say are reasonable approaches to this situation?

-The focus of interventions should be on education -College students can learn to drink safely -College drinking should be viewed as normative.

Which of the following are effects of depressants?

-They reduce concentration -They impair motor skills -They slow the central nervous system.

What type of substance abuses are common in the over age 65 group?

-alcohol misuse -prescription drug abuse

Which of the following are among the four conditions that have historically been seen as important in defining individuals' use of substances?

-dependence -intoxication -abuse

Which of the following would best be described as cognitive strategies in treating substance disorder?

-challenging dysfunctional thinking -examination of expectations -engaging in active problem-solving

Which of the following are part of the behavioral therapeutic tools for substance disorder?

-classical conditioning -aversive conditioning -drugs such as disulfiram

Which of the following are typical of the abstinence violation effect?

-guilt because of violation -self-blame for lack of willpower -attribution to lack of self-control

Which of the following are true of motivational interviewing?

-it was developed by william miller -the interviewer uses empathy in the interview -it is used primarily for substance use

Which of the following are pharmacological treatments for nicotine dependence?

-nicotine gum -nicotine patch -bupropion

Which of the following are goals of cognitive-behavior therapy in the treatment of substance use disorders?

-motivating a person to stop using -teaching new coping skills -changing reinforcements for substance use

Which of the following medications reduce a person's interest in drinking by blocking receptors or chemical effects?

-naltrexone -disulfiram -acamprosate

In most U.S. states, the legal definition of intoxication is if a person's blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.

0.08

Which of the following are street names for amphetamines?

-speed -chalk -meth

Approximately, what percentage of older adults can be considered heavy drinkers?

10%

According to meta-analyses and reviews of existing treatments, the treatment of substance-related disorders may help only ____ percent of people with substance user disorders abstain for up to 1 year.

17-35

What percent of alcohol dependents or abusers recover on their own without seeking treatment?

25%

What percent of alcohol dependents or abusers seek treatment?

25%

According to controlled studies, how many number of sessions of motivational interviewing seems to be effective in reducing substance use?

4

About _____ percent of adults in the United States are heavy drinkers.

7%

Mortality rates for smokers are _____ percent greater than for nonsmokers.

70%

Which of the following are used for nicotine dependence?

Bupropion and varenicline

Which of the following might occur in the third stage of alcohol withdrawal?

Delusions Hallucinations Death Profuse perspiration

Jennifer's psychotherapist uses a technique that associates thoughts of alcohol use with thoughts of highly unpleasant consequences. Her therapist is most likely _____.

behavioral

Who of the following is more likely to have a gambling disorder?

Eric, African American male, aged 33

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence if his or her _____________ -alcohol level is above 0.08

blood

The most heavily used stimulant is _____.

caffeine

Which of the following are opioids?

Hydrocodone Percocet OxyContin

Marijuana is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the __________ plant

cannabis

Which of the following was a large, multi-site clinical trial that compared three interventions in terms of effectiveness?

MATCH

Dr. Wheeler works with clients with substance disorders. He encourages them to identify situations in which use is probable to examine their expectations, challenge their dysfunctional thoughts, and engage in active problem-solving. Which theoretical orientation does Dr. Wheeler favor?

cognitive

Which of the following are potential sources of caffeine?

Over-the-counter cold remedies Tea Coffee Chocolate

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by _____.

convulsive seizures

Which of the following are hallucinogens?

Peyote Psilocybin mushrooms LSD

A(n) ____________ is a drug that causes people perceptual changes in even small doses.

hallucinogen

Which of the following medications is thought to block the effects of endorphins during drinking, which creates a reduction in cravings?

naltrexone

The MATCH study compared three interventions: cognitive-behavioral, a 12 step program, and motivational interviewing for alcohol use disorders. What were the findings?

all of the interventions were equally effective

____________ drugs block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.

antagonist

____________ are a type of drug that slows the central nervous system.

depressants

Some drugs, such as amphetamines and cocaine, directly increase the availability of __________ in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain.

dopamine

True or false: The treatment of substance related disorders is not as challenging as it once was because of increased awareness.

false

The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur in stages. The ____ stage involves tremulousness, weakness, anxiety, headache, and nausea.

first

substance _____________ is a set of behavioral and physiological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

intoxication

Which of the following is true?

men are more likely to have a gambling disorder than women

In most countries in the world, _____.

men are most likely to drink alcohol

Amphetamines and _____________ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems.

methamphetamines

The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is ____________

nicotine

When ____________ enters the bloodstream from smoking a cigarette, it helps release several biochemicals in the brain, including endogenous opioids.

nicotine

Marlatt and colleagues have argued that a more credible approach to college drinking is to recognize it as __________ behavior

normative

Myra is in an alcohol abstinence program. She has a slip during which she becomes very drunk, and so she considers dropping out of therapy altogether. Her therapist uses a _____________ prevention technique by telling her that this is part of the treatment process and is a temporary setback.

relapse

Melvin drinks very large quantities of alcohol and so is at risk for death from ____________ paralysis

respiratory

The gender gap in alcohol use is much greater among men and women who subscribe to traditional gender ____________

roles

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of action in MDMA?

serotonin

Amphetamines are _____.

stimulants

In the DSM-5, chronic difficulty in resisting urges to take a substance is described as a(n) _____________ use disorder

substance

Avery had been drinking, was stopped for speeding, and was asked to walk a straight line, which he was unable to do. Which of the following best describes Avery's situation?

substance intoxication

Which of the following is the disorder used in the DSM-5 to describe chronic difficulties in resisting the desire to drink alcohol or take drugs?

substance use disorder

Alcohol withdrawal occurs in stages. The first stage occurs within a few hours after drinking has been stopped and involves which of the following?

the shakes and nausea

Which condition is not identified as being important in defining individuals' use of substances?

tolerance

True or false: In low doses, alcohol causes people to feel more self-confident, relaxed and slightly euphoric.

true

True or false: Whether someone's substance use progresses into a disorder depends on a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social vulnerabilities.

true

One personality characteristic consistently related to an increased risk of substance use disorders is behavioral _____________, or the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors.

undercontrol

Amphetamine use is ____ in the United States.

widespread

Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol who decided one day to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness. Bart was most likely displaying substance ______________

withdrawal

Which of the following describes a set of negative physiological and psychological symptoms that a person experiences when they are dependent on a substance and stop using it?

withdrawal