Chapter 14
When it comes to depression, the ratio of women:men affected is close to what?
2:1
About how many suicides occur annually?
30,000
ADHD is currently diagnosed in approximately what percent of children?
4
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological, social and cultural dynamics influence disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in what type of model?
A biopsychosocial model
A false belief (that often accompanies psychotic disorders) is called what?
A delusion
Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
Major Depressive disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
Bipolar Disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
Mania
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
Antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever non artist
35 year old Lucy needs to have her blood taken. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take short-acting sedatives. What does Lucy seem to be suffering from?
A phobia
Attention-Deficit Hyper activity
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
Conversion Disorder
A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
20 year old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. What does Brianna seem to be suffering from?
A social phobia
Hypochondriasis
A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
Jared has not read this chapter, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split. What is it really?
A split from reality
Post-traumatic stress disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Obsessive compulsive disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations
Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates what disorder?
Antisocial personality disorder
Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours, a state that usually ends abruptly followed by the patient becoming quite agitated. What type of schizophrenia does Mimi's patient exhibit?
Catatonic
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from what symptom?
Delusions
In terms if pervasiveness, _____ is to psychological disorders as the common cold is to mild physical illnesses.
Depression
Psychological Disorder
Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behaviour patterns
Dissociative Disorders
Disorders in which conscious awareness become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Disorganized
Disorganized speech or behaviour, or flat or inappropriate emotion
Margaret gave birth to a premature baby boy. It was a difficult birth with obstetrical complications. In addition, she has always had very little money, and for 20 years has cared for the boy at a level below the poverty line. Based on results from a Danish study, what are the chances of her son committing a crime?
Double the risk
Delusions
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
75 year old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack 2 years ago and most of his friends have passed on. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of rick factors for suicide, how should you describe Walter?
He is MORE likely to attempt suicide because the suicide rate surges among older men
Stacy has to be the life of the party. She wears revealing clothing, even around her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when one of their boyfriends asked her out. On any given weekend, Stacy can be seen at a club dancing on a table or in the laps of various men. Stacy would most likely be considered to exhibit which of the following disorders?
Histrionic personality disorder
Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Catatonic
Immobility (or excessive, purposeless movement), extreme negativism, and/or parrotlike repeating of another's speech or movements
For the past 4 weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from what?
Major depressive disorder
Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Undifferentiated
Many and varied symptoms
Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. Which model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated?
Medical
People who are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives probably suffer from what?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Post-traumatic Growth
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Paranoid
Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity
Somatoform Disorder
Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
Anxiety Disorder
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety
Mood Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
Personality disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning
Ever since childhood, Jaime has been eccentric. She exhibits emotionless disengagement to a great degree. She would likely be diagnosed with what?
Schizoid personality disorder
DSM-IV-TR
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statisical Manual of Mnetal Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision" a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
Medical Model
The concept that disease, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere, but she does so quickly and is able to maintain her schoolwork and relationships. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. According to modern standards, why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a disorder, while Rana's is not?
The situation causes Naima distress
Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Residual
Withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared