Chapter 14

When it comes to depression, the ratio of women:men affected is close to what?

2:1

About how many suicides occur annually?

30,000

ADHD is currently diagnosed in approximately what percent of children?

4

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological, social and cultural dynamics influence disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in what type of model?

A biopsychosocial model

A false belief (that often accompanies psychotic disorders) is called what?

A delusion

Schizophrenia

A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Major Depressive disorder

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Mania

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever non artist

35 year old Lucy needs to have her blood taken. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take short-acting sedatives. What does Lucy seem to be suffering from?

A phobia

Attention-Deficit Hyper activity

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Conversion Disorder

A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

20 year old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. What does Brianna seem to be suffering from?

A social phobia

Hypochondriasis

A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Jared has not read this chapter, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split. What is it really?

A split from reality

Post-traumatic stress disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Obsessive compulsive disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates what disorder?

Antisocial personality disorder

Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours, a state that usually ends abruptly followed by the patient becoming quite agitated. What type of schizophrenia does Mimi's patient exhibit?

Catatonic

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from what symptom?

Delusions

In terms if pervasiveness, _____ is to psychological disorders as the common cold is to mild physical illnesses.

Depression

Psychological Disorder

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behaviour patterns

Dissociative Disorders

Disorders in which conscious awareness become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Disorganized

Disorganized speech or behaviour, or flat or inappropriate emotion

Margaret gave birth to a premature baby boy. It was a difficult birth with obstetrical complications. In addition, she has always had very little money, and for 20 years has cared for the boy at a level below the poverty line. Based on results from a Danish study, what are the chances of her son committing a crime?

Double the risk

Delusions

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

75 year old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack 2 years ago and most of his friends have passed on. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of rick factors for suicide, how should you describe Walter?

He is MORE likely to attempt suicide because the suicide rate surges among older men

Stacy has to be the life of the party. She wears revealing clothing, even around her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when one of their boyfriends asked her out. On any given weekend, Stacy can be seen at a club dancing on a table or in the laps of various men. Stacy would most likely be considered to exhibit which of the following disorders?

Histrionic personality disorder

Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Catatonic

Immobility (or excessive, purposeless movement), extreme negativism, and/or parrotlike repeating of another's speech or movements

For the past 4 weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from what?

Major depressive disorder

Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Undifferentiated

Many and varied symptoms

Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. Which model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated?

Medical

People who are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives probably suffer from what?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Post-traumatic Growth

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Paranoid

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity

Somatoform Disorder

Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Anxiety Disorder

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety

Mood Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Personality disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning

Ever since childhood, Jaime has been eccentric. She exhibits emotionless disengagement to a great degree. She would likely be diagnosed with what?

Schizoid personality disorder

DSM-IV-TR

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statisical Manual of Mnetal Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision" a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Medical Model

The concept that disease, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere, but she does so quickly and is able to maintain her schoolwork and relationships. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. According to modern standards, why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a disorder, while Rana's is not?

The situation causes Naima distress

Subtypes of Schizophrenia: Residual

Withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared