Chapter 14 blood practice questions

A transfusion reaction results in the clumping of red blood cells through a process called _________ an antibody molecule binds to antigens on several RBC's, binding them together

Agglutination

________ are produced during the immune response to bind to antigens.

Antibodies

A general term for any molecular that triggers an immune response is a(n) ___________

Antigen

Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of a(n) ________ on the surface of red blood cells

Antigen

Any molecule that triggers an immune response is a(n)

Antigen or agglutinogens

In blood typing, "Rh" refers to one of several ________ located on red blood cell membranes

Antigens

The presence of ________ on the surface of red blood cells determine blood type.

Antigens

The functions of ___________ include coagulation (clotting), body defense (leukocytes and antibodies), and the transport of nutrients, hormones, and wastes.

Blood

Which of the following is the most effective in stopping the loss of blood?

Blood clot formation

Formation of a blood clot by the processs of ____________ (use the physiological term) is the most effective hemostatic mechanism.

Coagulation

The most effective hemostatic process is _____________

Coagulation

The most effective hemostatic processes is ___________

Coagulation

Blood is a type of tissue composed of an extracellular matrix called plasma surrounding a variety of cells. What type of tissue is this?

Connective

Blood is classified as what type of tissue?

Connective

Cell-signaling molecules produce during the immune response

Cytokines

What determines a person's ABO blood type?

Determined by the type of antigens on RBC surfaces

In which of the following situations would you expect agglutination to occur?

During a transfusion reaction

Plasma contains chemicals called __________, which include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate ions

Electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride are examples of __________ found in plasma.

Electrolytes

Red blood cells, which transport oxygen throughout the body, are also known as what?

Erythrocyte

In initiating hemostasis, what typically activates platelets?

Exposed collagen

The term for the formation of blood cells is what?

Hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting are three mechanisms of, also known as the stoppage of bleeding

Hemostasis

The technical term for a white blood cell is

Leukocyte

The class of blood cells called __________ include lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, _________, and __________.

Leukocytes; eosinophils; basophils

Platelets are fragments of very large cells called

Megokaryocytes or megakaryocyte

In plasma, substances such are urea, uric acid, creatine, and creatinine are examples of

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances

The most important blood gases are ______ and carbon dioxide.

Oxygen

Name the two blood gases that are most important to homeostasis

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

As blood circulates, it transports inhaled ____________ from the lungs to body cells and _________ from body cells to the lungs to be exhaled.

Oxygen; carbon dioxide

The clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the blood, in which cells and platelets are suspended is called

Plasma

Within the circulation, formed elements are suspended in liquid called

Plasma

Cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes are called?

Platelets

With an injury to a blood vessel wall, ___________ in the plasma are activated, sticking to the exposed collagen in damaged blood vessel walls.

Platelets

What is the definition of hematopoiesis?

Production of blood cells

In a healthy cardiovascular system, the endothelium is very smooth and coated with _________, which prevents adherence of platelets to the endothelium. Thus, unneeded blood clots do not form.

Prostacyclin

The presence of a compound called _________ inhibits adherence of platelets of endothelial cells lining blood vessel walls.

Prostacyclin

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

Protect against diseases

The most abundant solutes in plasma are __________

Proteins

___________ are proteins on cell surfaces that bind to specific molecules.

Receptors

Leukocytes develop in ___________ in response to various hormones.

Red bone marrow

The _______ blood group includes the D antigen

Rh

Which of the following best describes a vascular spasm?

Short-lived mechanism in which the damage vessel narrows to minimize blood loss

What statement best describes a vascular spasm?

Short-lived mechanism in which the damaged vessel narrows to minimize blood loss.

What four electrolytes are found in the plasma?

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate ions.

Which statement describes plasma proteins?

They are the most abundant solutes in plasma

Indicate which two statements describe describe the development of white blood cells.

They develop in the red bone marrow. They develop from hematopoietic stem cells.

List three nonparties nitrogenous substances found in plasma.

Urea, amino acids, creatine

What is the first response to a blood vessel injury?

Vascular spasm

List the three hemostatic mechanisms

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting

The blood cells primarily function to protect the body against disease

White