Chapter 14 blood practice questions
A transfusion reaction results in the clumping of red blood cells through a process called _________ an antibody molecule binds to antigens on several RBC's, binding them together
Agglutination
________ are produced during the immune response to bind to antigens.
Antibodies
A general term for any molecular that triggers an immune response is a(n) ___________
Antigen
Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of a(n) ________ on the surface of red blood cells
Antigen
Any molecule that triggers an immune response is a(n)
Antigen or agglutinogens
In blood typing, "Rh" refers to one of several ________ located on red blood cell membranes
Antigens
The presence of ________ on the surface of red blood cells determine blood type.
Antigens
The functions of ___________ include coagulation (clotting), body defense (leukocytes and antibodies), and the transport of nutrients, hormones, and wastes.
Blood
Which of the following is the most effective in stopping the loss of blood?
Blood clot formation
Formation of a blood clot by the processs of ____________ (use the physiological term) is the most effective hemostatic mechanism.
Coagulation
The most effective hemostatic process is _____________
Coagulation
The most effective hemostatic processes is ___________
Coagulation
Blood is a type of tissue composed of an extracellular matrix called plasma surrounding a variety of cells. What type of tissue is this?
Connective
Blood is classified as what type of tissue?
Connective
Cell-signaling molecules produce during the immune response
Cytokines
What determines a person's ABO blood type?
Determined by the type of antigens on RBC surfaces
In which of the following situations would you expect agglutination to occur?
During a transfusion reaction
Plasma contains chemicals called __________, which include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate ions
Electrolytes
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride are examples of __________ found in plasma.
Electrolytes
Red blood cells, which transport oxygen throughout the body, are also known as what?
Erythrocyte
In initiating hemostasis, what typically activates platelets?
Exposed collagen
The term for the formation of blood cells is what?
Hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting are three mechanisms of, also known as the stoppage of bleeding
Hemostasis
The technical term for a white blood cell is
Leukocyte
The class of blood cells called __________ include lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, _________, and __________.
Leukocytes; eosinophils; basophils
Platelets are fragments of very large cells called
Megokaryocytes or megakaryocyte
In plasma, substances such are urea, uric acid, creatine, and creatinine are examples of
Nonprotein nitrogenous substances
The most important blood gases are ______ and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen
Name the two blood gases that are most important to homeostasis
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
As blood circulates, it transports inhaled ____________ from the lungs to body cells and _________ from body cells to the lungs to be exhaled.
Oxygen; carbon dioxide
The clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the blood, in which cells and platelets are suspended is called
Plasma
Within the circulation, formed elements are suspended in liquid called
Plasma
Cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes are called?
Platelets
With an injury to a blood vessel wall, ___________ in the plasma are activated, sticking to the exposed collagen in damaged blood vessel walls.
Platelets
What is the definition of hematopoiesis?
Production of blood cells
In a healthy cardiovascular system, the endothelium is very smooth and coated with _________, which prevents adherence of platelets to the endothelium. Thus, unneeded blood clots do not form.
Prostacyclin
The presence of a compound called _________ inhibits adherence of platelets of endothelial cells lining blood vessel walls.
Prostacyclin
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
Protect against diseases
The most abundant solutes in plasma are __________
Proteins
___________ are proteins on cell surfaces that bind to specific molecules.
Receptors
Leukocytes develop in ___________ in response to various hormones.
Red bone marrow
The _______ blood group includes the D antigen
Rh
Which of the following best describes a vascular spasm?
Short-lived mechanism in which the damage vessel narrows to minimize blood loss
What statement best describes a vascular spasm?
Short-lived mechanism in which the damaged vessel narrows to minimize blood loss.
What four electrolytes are found in the plasma?
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate ions.
Which statement describes plasma proteins?
They are the most abundant solutes in plasma
Indicate which two statements describe describe the development of white blood cells.
They develop in the red bone marrow. They develop from hematopoietic stem cells.
List three nonparties nitrogenous substances found in plasma.
Urea, amino acids, creatine
What is the first response to a blood vessel injury?
Vascular spasm
List the three hemostatic mechanisms
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting
The blood cells primarily function to protect the body against disease
White