Chapter 14 - Databases and Database Management Systems" and 1 other

Indexed organization

A method for organizing data on a storage medium or in a database that uses an index to specify the exact storage location.

Direct organization

A method of arranging data on a storage medium that uses hashing to specify the exact storage location.

Structured query language (SQL)

A popular query language standard for information retrieval in relational databases.

Query

A request to see information from a database that matches specific criteria.

DBMS come bundled with ..

A set of tools to perform a variety of tasks, such as forms and reports, and interfacing with query languages and programming languages for complex applications

DBMSs available on enterprise

Oracle Database, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL

Simple relational database will contain ...

Product table, Inventory table, and the Inventory on order

Data security

Protecting the data located in a database against destruction and misuse.

Data privacy

Protecting the privacy of the data located in a database.

Database administrators (DBAs)

Responsible for managing the databases within an organization. Perform regular maintenance, assign and monitor user access to the database, monitor the performance, perform backups, maintenance and security duties.

Middleware

Software used to connect two otherwise separate applications, such as a Web server and a database management system.

Attribute

A characteristic of an entity.

Database

A collection of related data that is stored and organized in a manner that enable information to be retrieved as needed.

Record

A collection of related fields in a database. Also called a row.

Row

A collection of related fields located in a single table in a database.

Multiuser database system

A database designed to be accessed by multiple users.

Single-user database system

A database located on a single computer and designed to be accessed by a single user.

Centralized database system

A database system in which all of the data used by the system is located on a single computer.

Distributed database system

A database system in which the data used by the system is located on multiple computers tat ae connected via a network.

Client-server data base system

A database system where the database is located on a server and accessed by client devices.

In-memory database (IMDB)

A database that stores all data in memory instead of on a hard drive.

Column

A field in a database.

Report

A formatted way of looking at information retrieved from a database table or the results of a query. Outputs data.

Form

A formatted way of viewing and editing a table in a database.

Field

A single category of data to be stored in a database, such as customer names or employee telephone numbers. Also called a column.

Index

A small table containing a primary key and the location of the record belonging to that key; used to locate records in a database.

Multidimensional database (MDDB)

A type of database designed to be used with data warehousing.

Relational database management system (RDBMS)

A type of database system in which data is stored in tables related by common fields; the most widely used database model today.

Object-oriented database management system (OODBMS)

A type of database system in which multiple types of data are stored as objects along with their related code.

Hybrid XML/relational database

A type of database system that can store and retrieve both XML data and relational data.

Batch processing

Accumulating source documents for a period of time and then processing them all at once.

Database developers

Create the actual database based on the design generated by the database designer and get it ready for data entry. Includes setting up the structure and creating the user interface.

Metadata

Data about data, such as the data contained in a data dictionary.

Relational database

Data from several tables is tied together (related) using fields that the tables have in common so the info can be extracted from multiple tables as needed.

Database designer sometimes called

Database architects, Database engineers, and database analysts

Database Management System (DBMS)

Database software used to created, maintain, and access a database.

Table

In a relational database, a collection of related records or rows (fields & records)

Technical difference between "row" and "record"

Is that a row is contained within a single database table a record is a collection of fields

Database engine

Key component of a DBMS, the part of the program that stores and retrieves data.

DBMSs available on personal computers

Microsoft Access, which is most widely used; and Corel Paradox(WordPerfect Office)

Entity

Something (such as a person, object, or event) that is important to a business or organization; typically becomes a database table in a database system for that business or organization.

Data integrity

The accuracy of data.

A DBMS also controls

The organization of the data and protects the integrity and security of the data so it is entered accurately into the database and then protected against both intentional and accidental damage.

Data definition

The process of describing the properties of data that is to be included in a database table.

Data validation

The process of ensuring that data entered into a database is valid (matches the data definition).

Normalization

The process of evaluating and correcting the structure of a database table to minimize data redundancy.

Data dictionary

The repository of all data definitions in a database.

Programming languages typically used with databases ...

Visual Basic, Java, and C++

A primary key must uniquely identify each record in that table

Which means that no two records within a table can have the same value in the primary key field. It usually consists of an identifying number, student ID, customer number.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

identifies the types of data to be collected, the relationships among the data, the types of output required.

Database designer

is the individual responsible for designing a database. They work with systems analysts and other individuals involved in the system development life cycle (SDLC)

Database programmer

many databases also require custom programs used to access the database, such as a Web site for an e-commerce application.

A database consists of interrelated ...

tables which contain fields and records.