Chapter 14 Heart Study Guide

Name some reasons why a patient may be NPO

- before or after surgery - stroke - getting tests done - have nasal tubes

Where is the heart located?

in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the mediastinum 2/3 to the left of midline and 1/3 to the right and the apex is just above the diaphragm

What is the name of the condition where the pericardium becomes inflamed

pericarditis

What is the name of the outside covering that surrounds and protects the heart

pericardium

What is the movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs called

pulmonary circulation

What does congestive heart failure inevitably cause

pulmonary edema

What is the name of the valve that permits blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

pulmonary semilunar valve

What are the structures through which blood returns to the left atrium

pulmonary veins

What is the movement of blood from the left ventricle through the body called

systemic circulation

A rapid heart rhythm, over 100 bpm, is referred to as what

tachycardia

(true or false) A special type of radiography used to visualize arteries is known as angiography

true

(true or false) Heart block may be treated by implanting an artificial pacemaker

true

(true or false) Most of the atrial blood moves into the ventricles before the atria have a chance to contract

true

(true or false) Stoke volume (SV) refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat

true

(true or false) Stoke volume may be decreased due to several causes such as ion imbalances, valve disorders, coronary artery blockages, or myocardial infarctions

true

(true or false) The T wave on an ECG results from the electrical activity generated by repolarization of the ventricles

true

What is the name for the two lower chambers of the heart

ventricles

If you think your patient has a-fib, what test will be ordered for them

EKG

Heart implants... a.) Allow patients to move around freely without external pumps b.) Are artificial hearts that are made of biologically inert synthetic materials c.) Still have limited use d.) All of the above are true

d.) All of the above are true

Which of the following statements is not true regarding pericarditis? a.) It may be caused by infection or trauma b.) It often causes severe chest pain c.) It may result in impairment of the pumping action of the heart d.) All of the above statements are true

d.) All of the above statements are true

Which of the following events, if any, does not precede ventricular contraction? a.) P wave b.) Atrial depolarization c.) Ventricular depolarization d.) All of these events precede contraction

d.) All of these events precede contraction

What term describes the electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle

depolarization

What is a drug that slows and increases the strength of cardiac contraction

digitalis

What is the diagnostic tool that uses ultrasound to detect valve and heart disorders known as

echcardiogram

What is a blood clot called

embolism

What is the inflammation of the heart lining

endocarditis

What is the inner layer of the pericardium called

epicardium or visceral pericardium

What is the average rate the heart beats per minute

72 bpm

What is the abbreviation for right ear

AD

A non-medical rescuer can defibrillate a victim in ventricular fibrillation with the use of what

AED (automated external defibrillator)

What is the abbreviation or a type of medication a patient might be on for blood clots

ASA

When you're identifying a patient a patient, what do you ask them

DOB

If a patient isn't allergic to any drugs, what will be written on their chart

NKDA

If a patient on an EKG has nothing (is fine) what would be written on the chart

NSR

What is the abbreviation for both eyes

OU

Ventricular contraction of the heart occurs immediately after depolarization of what

Purkinje fibers

What is the pacemaker of the heart also known as

SA node

What is each complete beat of the heart called

a cardiac cycle

What is the shape and size of the heart

a closed fist

What is the name for severe chest pain

angina pectoris

Coumadin and dicumarol are examples of commonly used oral what

anticoagulants

What is the blunt point at the lower edge of the heart lying on the diaphragm, pointing to the left

apex

What is the hardening of arteries called

atherosclerosis

What is the name for the thin walled upper heart cavities that receive blood from veins

atria

What is the name for the two upper chambers of the heart

atria

Which of the following pair is mismatched? a.) Angina pectoris - chest pain b.) Congestive heart failure - left sided heart failure c.) Tachycardia - slow heart rhythm d.) Dysrhythmia - heart block

c.) Tachycardia - slow heart rhythm

Of these tests, which expose a patient to radiation (chest x-ray, CAT scan, MRI)

chest x-ray and CAT scan

What system supplies our cell's transportation needs

circulatory system

What is the failure of the right side of the heart due to blockage of pulmonary blood flow called

cor pulmonale

What is the name of the treatment for certain coronary disorders

coronary bypass

(true or false) The 4 structures embedded in the wall of the heart that make up the conduction system of the heart are the SA node, the pacemaker, the AV bundle, and the bundle of His

false; SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkjne fibers

(true or false) Atrial ablation treats atrial fibrillation by dilating the pathway of abnormal electrical signals

false; eliminates the pathway

(true or false) The sympathetic division of the ANS decreases the heart rate

false; increases the heart rate

(true or false) Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood pumped by one atrium per minute

false; pumped by one ventricle

(true or false) Cardiac muscle fibers are unable to contract rhythmically on their own

false; they are able to contract

Frequent premature contractions can lead to what

fibrillation

What is myocardial infarction also known as

heart attack

What is an abnormal heart sound often caused by disorders of the valves

heart murmur

What is the name for high blood pressure

hypertension

What are test such as PT/INR testing for? What are they testing the blood for?

if the blood is too thin from anticoagulants

What divides the heart into right and left sides between the atria

interatrial septum

What are the two AV valves

mitrial and tricuspid

What is the condition caused when the flaps of the valve extend back into the left atrium, causing the valve to leak

mitrial valve prolapse

What is the cardiac muscle tissue referred to as

myocardium

What is the outer layer of the pericardium called

parietal paricardium

What is cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to a streptococcal infection that occurs most often in children

rheumatic heart disease

Where does the superior vena cava carry blood to

right atrium

What is located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs

semilunar valves

What is the variation in heart rate during the breathing cycle called

sinus dysrhythmia