Chapter 14 Heart Study Guide
Name some reasons why a patient may be NPO
- before or after surgery - stroke - getting tests done - have nasal tubes
Where is the heart located?
in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the mediastinum 2/3 to the left of midline and 1/3 to the right and the apex is just above the diaphragm
What is the name of the condition where the pericardium becomes inflamed
pericarditis
What is the name of the outside covering that surrounds and protects the heart
pericardium
What is the movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs called
pulmonary circulation
What does congestive heart failure inevitably cause
pulmonary edema
What is the name of the valve that permits blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
pulmonary semilunar valve
What are the structures through which blood returns to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
What is the movement of blood from the left ventricle through the body called
systemic circulation
A rapid heart rhythm, over 100 bpm, is referred to as what
tachycardia
(true or false) A special type of radiography used to visualize arteries is known as angiography
true
(true or false) Heart block may be treated by implanting an artificial pacemaker
true
(true or false) Most of the atrial blood moves into the ventricles before the atria have a chance to contract
true
(true or false) Stoke volume (SV) refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat
true
(true or false) Stoke volume may be decreased due to several causes such as ion imbalances, valve disorders, coronary artery blockages, or myocardial infarctions
true
(true or false) The T wave on an ECG results from the electrical activity generated by repolarization of the ventricles
true
What is the name for the two lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
If you think your patient has a-fib, what test will be ordered for them
EKG
Heart implants... a.) Allow patients to move around freely without external pumps b.) Are artificial hearts that are made of biologically inert synthetic materials c.) Still have limited use d.) All of the above are true
d.) All of the above are true
Which of the following statements is not true regarding pericarditis? a.) It may be caused by infection or trauma b.) It often causes severe chest pain c.) It may result in impairment of the pumping action of the heart d.) All of the above statements are true
d.) All of the above statements are true
Which of the following events, if any, does not precede ventricular contraction? a.) P wave b.) Atrial depolarization c.) Ventricular depolarization d.) All of these events precede contraction
d.) All of these events precede contraction
What term describes the electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle
depolarization
What is a drug that slows and increases the strength of cardiac contraction
digitalis
What is the diagnostic tool that uses ultrasound to detect valve and heart disorders known as
echcardiogram
What is a blood clot called
embolism
What is the inflammation of the heart lining
endocarditis
What is the inner layer of the pericardium called
epicardium or visceral pericardium
What is the average rate the heart beats per minute
72 bpm
What is the abbreviation for right ear
AD
A non-medical rescuer can defibrillate a victim in ventricular fibrillation with the use of what
AED (automated external defibrillator)
What is the abbreviation or a type of medication a patient might be on for blood clots
ASA
When you're identifying a patient a patient, what do you ask them
DOB
If a patient isn't allergic to any drugs, what will be written on their chart
NKDA
If a patient on an EKG has nothing (is fine) what would be written on the chart
NSR
What is the abbreviation for both eyes
OU
Ventricular contraction of the heart occurs immediately after depolarization of what
Purkinje fibers
What is the pacemaker of the heart also known as
SA node
What is each complete beat of the heart called
a cardiac cycle
What is the shape and size of the heart
a closed fist
What is the name for severe chest pain
angina pectoris
Coumadin and dicumarol are examples of commonly used oral what
anticoagulants
What is the blunt point at the lower edge of the heart lying on the diaphragm, pointing to the left
apex
What is the hardening of arteries called
atherosclerosis
What is the name for the thin walled upper heart cavities that receive blood from veins
atria
What is the name for the two upper chambers of the heart
atria
Which of the following pair is mismatched? a.) Angina pectoris - chest pain b.) Congestive heart failure - left sided heart failure c.) Tachycardia - slow heart rhythm d.) Dysrhythmia - heart block
c.) Tachycardia - slow heart rhythm
Of these tests, which expose a patient to radiation (chest x-ray, CAT scan, MRI)
chest x-ray and CAT scan
What system supplies our cell's transportation needs
circulatory system
What is the failure of the right side of the heart due to blockage of pulmonary blood flow called
cor pulmonale
What is the name of the treatment for certain coronary disorders
coronary bypass
(true or false) The 4 structures embedded in the wall of the heart that make up the conduction system of the heart are the SA node, the pacemaker, the AV bundle, and the bundle of His
false; SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkjne fibers
(true or false) Atrial ablation treats atrial fibrillation by dilating the pathway of abnormal electrical signals
false; eliminates the pathway
(true or false) The sympathetic division of the ANS decreases the heart rate
false; increases the heart rate
(true or false) Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood pumped by one atrium per minute
false; pumped by one ventricle
(true or false) Cardiac muscle fibers are unable to contract rhythmically on their own
false; they are able to contract
Frequent premature contractions can lead to what
fibrillation
What is myocardial infarction also known as
heart attack
What is an abnormal heart sound often caused by disorders of the valves
heart murmur
What is the name for high blood pressure
hypertension
What are test such as PT/INR testing for? What are they testing the blood for?
if the blood is too thin from anticoagulants
What divides the heart into right and left sides between the atria
interatrial septum
What are the two AV valves
mitrial and tricuspid
What is the condition caused when the flaps of the valve extend back into the left atrium, causing the valve to leak
mitrial valve prolapse
What is the cardiac muscle tissue referred to as
myocardium
What is the outer layer of the pericardium called
parietal paricardium
What is cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to a streptococcal infection that occurs most often in children
rheumatic heart disease
Where does the superior vena cava carry blood to
right atrium
What is located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs
semilunar valves
What is the variation in heart rate during the breathing cycle called
sinus dysrhythmia