chapter 14

Which of the following teenagers with family difficulties has an especially high risk of substance abuse

Ken, whose friends use and provide drugs

Which of the following teens is more likely to have early sex or frequent teenage sexual activity

Ryan, whose parents do not monitor his activities

___ is linked to delayed initiation of sexual activity and to reduced teenage pregnancy

School involvement

Which of the following teens is most likely to have an adolescent pregnancy

Selena, a low-income Hispanic American

Kyla's grandma recalls menarche as a traumatic experience. She would like things to be different for Kyla. What advice can you give her

She should prepare Kyla in advance and treat it as an important milestone

Which of the following statements about the role of physical attractiveness and the timing of puberty in Western society is true

The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the early developer

Haeata lives in a tribal society and just experienced menarche. Which of the following is probably true

The tribe will celebrate the onset of puberty with an initiation ceremony

Trevor just experienced spermarche. Which of the following is likely to be true

Trevor's first ejaculation occurred earlier than he expected

Which of the following statements about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is true

Using a needle, syringe, or drug liquid previously used by others can spread STIs

Anna Freud viewed the teenage years as

a biologically based, universal "developmental disturbance"

Mr. Linden wants to discuss sex with his teenage daughter. Which of the following approaches would you recommend to him

a give-and-take conversation between parent and child

Suzanne responded to her daughter's coming out positively. She is understanding and accepting of the teenager's same- sex romantic relationship. However, Suzanne is concerned about her daughter's self-acceptance. Suzanne should know that

a key predictor of favorable adjustment for gay and lesbian youths is parental understanding

Maggi is a later-maturing girl. She is most likely to be regarded as

a leader at school

The number of American teenage births is lower than it was 50 years ago because

about one-fourth of adolescent pregnancies end in abortion

In most tribal and village societies

adolescence is only a brief intervening phase between childhood and full assumption of adult roles

Brad's parents provide him with information on sex and contraception and convey their values. As a result, Brad is likely to

adopt his parents' views

Menarche takes place

after the peak of the height spurt

The production of ____ in young people of both sexes leads to an increase in sex drive

androgens

Sexual maturation is controlled by

androgens and estorgens

Janelle, a teenager, is chronically tired and frequently irritable, but she appears to be growing normally. She should have a medical checkup because she might be suffering from

anemia

Renae has a compulsive fear of getting fat. As a result, she is starving herself. Renae has

anorexia nervosa

As a result of school courses and media campaigns, about 90 percent of U.S. high school students

are aware of basic facts about HIV and AIDS

Many young people with anorexia

are emotionally inhibited

Spermarche occurs

around age 13½

The leading killer of U.S. teenagers

automobile accidents

Brad is a teenager who has experimented minimally with alcohol. Brad is likely to

be a healthy, curious young person

As humans and mammals become more sexually mature, neurons

become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters

Casey repeatedly engages in out-of-control binge eating but does not purge afterwards. Casey probably suffers from

binge-eating disorder

Gregor, a high school senior, has begun taking creatine to enhance his performance on the basketball court. Which of the following side effects are possible

brain siezures

Connie's teenage daughter follows a strict diet during the day, exercises excessively, binge eats in the evening, and often takes laxatives. Connie should be concerned that her daughter has

bulimia nervosa

Sleep rebound on weekends

can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings

During puberty, the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first, followed by the torso. This is a reversal of the _____ trend

cephalocaudal

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to infertility and sterility if left untreated

chlamydia

Researchers who followed a large, representative sample of U.S. youths from ages 9 to 17 found that

daily free-time physical activity declined with age, more so for girls than boys

Julianna is obese. She is likely to experience menarche ____ the average girl

earlier than

Brooke has been experiencing a period of rapid pubertal change. Brooke is in which phase of adolescence

early adolescence

Follow-ups reveal that ____-maturing _____, especially, are at risk for lasting difficulties

early, girls

Early sexual activity is more common among young people from ____ homes

economically disadvantaged

Teenagers at greatest risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are

economically disadvantaged young people who feel a sense of hopelessness

Fathers of daughters with anorexia nervosa tend to be

emotionally distant

Franca, age 11, recently started contradicting and disagreeing with her parents. She is self-conscious and often goes to her room and closes the door. Franca is a head taller and several pounds heavier than most girls in her sixth-grade class. Franca has probably

entered adolescence

In contrast to young people with anorexia, those with bulimia nervosa

feel depressed or guilty about their abnormal eating habits

Which of the following accurately characterizes the three-phase sequence that many gay and lesbian adolescents and adults move through in coming out to themselves and others

feeling different, confusion, self-acceptance

By the time a child of adolescent parents starts school

fewer than one-fourth have regular paternal contact

___ is strongly associated with greater intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, and calcium-rich foods

frequency of family meals

Studies involving genetic influences on sexual orientation indicate that

gay brothers often have an identical segment of DNA on the X chromosome

Compared to teenagers of previous generations, today's teenagers

get much less sleep

Secretions of ___and ___ increase during puberty, leading to tremendous gains in body size and to attainment of skeletal maturity

growth hormone (GH); thyroxine

Research shows that about half of adolescent fathers

have been incarcerated

Research shows that sex education programs focusing on abstinence _____ delaying teenage sexual activity

have little or no impact on

Kevin, a sexually active teen, has fluid-filled blisters on his genitals, a high fever, and a severe headache. Kevin's doctor will probably find that Kevin has

herpes simplex 2

Which of the following common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of adolescence is caused by a virus

herpes simplex 2

Hormonal changes during puberty are initiated and regulated by the ____, a structure located near the ____

hypothalamus, pituitary gland

In adolescence, the number of red blood cells ____ in ____

increases, boys but not girls

In the United States, the most controversial aspect of adolescent pregnancy prevention efforts is

increasing access to contraceptives

Primary sexual characteristics

involve the reproductive organs directly

Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence

is greatly exaggerated

Gemma eats very little. She is likely to experience puberty ________ the average girl

later than

According to the most recent, nationally representative survey of U.S. high school students, 39 percent of tenth graders have tried at least one illegal drug, usually

marijuana

Vegetarian adolescents

may have diets that are deficient in certain nutrients

Alyssa has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following symptoms will she likely display

menstrual cycle disruptions

Boys typically respond to spermarche with

mixed feelings

Higher pubertal hormone levels are _____ linked to ____ moodiness

modestly, greater

Reduced educational and occupational attainment

often persists well into adulthood for both teenage mothers and fathers

Compared with adult mothers, adolescent mothers

perceive their infants as more difficult

Findings that a secular trend exists for pubertal timing lends added support to the role of

physical well-being in adolescent growth

____ is a modern substitute for the physical departure of the adolescent from the home.

psychological distancing

The beginning of adolescence is marked by

puberty

Sexual attitudes in North America are

relatively restrictive

When children's safety and security are at risk, it is adaptive for them to

reproduce early

Ethan is an early-maturing boy. He is probably perceived by both adults and peers as

self-confident

____ is a strong predictor of the onset of an eating disorder in adolescence

severe dieting

In Freud's genital stage

sexual impulses reawaken, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior

Of all age groups, adolescents are the most likely to

skip breakfast

Teenage alcohol and drug use rates in the United States have ____ since the mid-1990s

substantially declined

Girls commonly react to menarche with

surprise

Which of the following fosters high physical self-efficacy during adolescence

sweating and breathing heavily, during exercise

Mr. Wellington wants to reduce drug experimentation among the teens in his community program. He should

teach students skills for resisting peer pressure

Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair. Which of the following hormones is responsible for this change

testosterone

Female puberty usually begins with

the budding of breasts

The first sign of puberty in boys

the enlargement of the testes

Treating individuals with anorexia is difficult because

they commonly deny the seriousness of their disorder

Compared with Caucasian-American families, African-American families

treat menarche as an important milestone

Natalie and James are fraternal twins. Their parents should expect that James will reach puberty _____ Natalie

two years later

In boys, the voice change

usually takes place at the peak of the growth spurt

Girls who ____ are more likely to develop lesbian or bisexual orientations

were exposed prenatally to very high levels of androgens and estrogen

Parents and teens quarrel more often

when there is a large gap between parents' and adolescents' views of teenagers' readiness for new responsibilities

Chinara is an early-maturing girl. She is most likely to be perceived as ____ by her peers

withdrawn

Which of the following teens is likely to have the most stable moods

19-year-old Jesse

Which of the following adolescent mothers is most likely to break the intergenerational cycle of adolescent parenthood

Prudence, who marries her daughter's father

Which of the following statements about concussion injuries is true

Concussions can have lasting effects on cognitive and emotional functioning

Which of the following adolescents is most likely to have parents with a permissive attitude about sex

Fau, a Papua New Guinean

Which of the following statements about body fat and puberty is true

Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in boys

Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is true

One-fifth of U.S. HIV cases are young people between ages 13 and 24

Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior is true

About 70 percent of sexually active teenagers report that they first had sex with a steady dating partner

Which of the following statements about body proportions during puberty is true

Girls' hips broaden relative to the shoulders

Which of the following statements about automobile accidents and adolescent drivers is true

Graduated licensing laws greatly reduce adolescent traffic fatalities

Which of the following statements about brain development in adolescence is true

Adolescents react less strongly to stressful events than adults do and experience pleasurable stimuli less intensely

Which of the following statements about adolescent drug abuse treatment is true

Adolescents who are motivated from the start of treatment have better outcomes

Which of the following athletes is especially likely to continue her activity into adulthood

Alena, a cross-country runner

Which of the following statements about muscle-fat makeup in adolescence is true

Although both sexes gain in muscle, the increase is 150 percent greater in boys

Which of the following girls is likely to reach menarche first

Angelique, who is a middle-income African American

Which of the following girls is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa

Ashley, a Caucasian American

Which of the following statements about sex hormones is true

Both androgens and estrogens are present in boys and girls

Twins, Jake and Molly, age 15, are both athletic. Which of the following is probably true

By midadolescence, Jake will run faster and throw farther than Molly

Which of the following girls is most at risk for an eating problem

Caity, who reached puberty early

Early-maturing ____ girls tend to report a less positive body image than other girls

Caucasian

Which of the following statements regarding the intergenerational continuity of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood is true

Marriage may limit the negative impact of teenage childbearing on development by reducing family stress

Which of the following statements about firearms and adolescent injury is true

Metal detectors in schools have had little impact on youth violence

The Rourke's have a teenage son and daughter. Which of the following is most likely to be true

Mr. Rourke's conflict with his daughter will be more intense than conflict with his son