Chapter 14: Personality Psychopathology

Trait

A distinguishing quality or characteristic of a person, including a tendency to feel, perceive, behave, or think in a relatively consistent manner

Personality

A pattern of recognizable behaviors

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Characterized by perfectionism, a tendency to be interpersonalIy controlling, devotion to details, and rigidity

Dependent personality disorder

Characterized by submissive, clinging behavior and an excessive need to be taken care of

Antisocial personality disorder

Characterized by a failure to conform to social and legal codes, a lack of anxiety and guilt, and irresponsible behaviors

Avoidant personality disorder

Characterized by a fear of rejection and humiliation and a reluctance to enter into social relationships

Narcissistic personality disorder

Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, an exploitive attitude, and a lack of empathy

Schizoid personality disorder

Characterized by detachment from social relationships and limited emotional expression

Paranoid personality disorder

Characterized by distrust and suspiciousness regarding the motives of others

Histrionic personality disorder

Characterized by extreme emotionality and attention seeking

Personality disorder

Characterized by impairment in self and interpersonal functioning, and the presence of pathological personality traits that are relatively inflexible and long-standing

Borderline personality disorder

Characterized by intense fluctuations in mood, self image, and interpersonal relationships

Schizotypal personality disorder

Characterized by peculiar thoughts and behaviors and by poor interpersonal relationships

Personality psychopathology

Dysfunctional and maladaptive personality patterns

Temperament

Innate mental, physical, and emotional traits

Failure to conform to social or legal codes, lack of anxiety and guilt, irresponsible behaviors. Much more common in males.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for antisocial personality disorder?

Pervasive social inhibition, fear of rejection and humiliation. Equal frequency in men and women.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for avoidant personality disorder?

Intense fluctuations in mood, self image, and interpersonal relationships. Predominantly diagnosed in females.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for borderline personality disorder?

Excessive dependence on others, inability to assume responsibilities, submissive. More frequently diagnosed in women in clinic settings.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for dependent personality disorder?

Self-dramatization, exaggerated emotional expression, and seductive, provocative, or attention-seeking behaviors. Mixed findings, but more prevalent in females in clinic settings.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for histrionic personality disorder?

Exaggerated sense of self importance, exploitative behavior, lack of empathy. More common in males.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for narcissistic personality disorder?

Perfectionism, controlling interpersonal behavior, devotion to details, rigidity. Twice as common in males.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

Pervasive pattern of mistrust and suspiciousness regarding others' motives. Somewhat more common in males.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for paranoid personality disorder?

Peculiar thoughts and behaviors, poor interpersonal relationships. Slightly more common in males.

What are the DSM 5 descriptors and gender differences for schizotypal personality disorder?

Socially isolated, emotionally cold, indifferent to others. Somewhat more common in males.

What are the DSM-5 descriptors and gender differences for schizoid personality disorder?

Genetic inherited predisposition, lack of fear conditioning, physiological underarousal, and limited emotional responsiveness.

What are the biological factors in antisocial personality disorder?

Psychodynamic theory: weakened superego and cognitive theory, core beliefs that the world is negative and hostile.

What are the psychological factors in antisocial personality disorder?

Poor parental supervision and involvement, hostile home and family environment, and role modeling by antisocial parents

What are the social factors in antisocial personality disorder?

Gender role socialization and cultural values, individualism, and competitiveness

What are the sociocultural factors in antisocial personality disorder?

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities. These personality disorders share characteristics, including overlapping environmental and genetic risk factors, which are similar to those found in the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. There is some evidence that individuals with disorders in this grouping have a greater likelihood of having biological relatives with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.

Which 3 personality disorders are included in cluster A, disorders characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors?

Antisocial personality disorder

Which personality disorder has the greatest impact on society?