Chapter 14 PNS (Cranial and Spinal Nerves)

Which of these statements about intercostal nerves is true? A) They are part of a nerve plexus. B) They innervate only the intercostal muscles. C) The ventral rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves lie just inferior to each rib. D) They consist of 12 pairs.

C

A nerve plexus is formed by interconnected dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves.

FALSE

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are part of the somatic motor nervous division.

FALSE

The accessory nerve (cranial nerve CN XI) contains fibers that assist the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

FALSE

When you contract your Biceps brachii muscle, you are utilizing the somatic sensory portion of the nervous system.

FALSE

The capsules of tactile and lamellar corpuscles consist of layer(s) of ________ wrapped by connective tissue.

Schwann cells

Ventral rami from all spinal nerves except numbers ________ contribute to nerve plexuses.

T2-T12

A dermatome is an area of skin that is innervated by the cutaneous branches from one spinal nerve pair.

TRUE

All of the special senses taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium are part of the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system.

TRUE

One of the largest branches of the sacral plexus is the sciatic nerve.

TRUE

Shingles is a latent viral infection in adults that involves both the nervous system and the cutaneous system.

TRUE

The vagus nerve (CN X) is the only cranial nerve pair found inferior to the diaphragm.

TRUE

These sensory receptors are found not only on your tongue and nose, but also internally so your body can respond to changes in blood chemistry.

chemoreceptors

Clinicians use these to identify the level of spinal injuries and to trace the site of adult herpes zoster infections.

dermatomes

This term refers to clusters of peripheral cell bodies outside the CNS.

ganglia

Damage to this nerve may cause difficulties in swallowing, decrease in saliva production and some difficulties in tasting, in particular sour and bitter substances.

glossopharyngeal

This category of receptors elicit a response of "Ouch!"

nociceptors

The ________ and optic nerves are the only cranial nerves that do not have nuclei within the brain.

olfactory

The portion of the nervous system that does NOT include the brain and spinal cord.

peripheral

This nerve innervates the diaphragm.

phrenic

The cervical plexus is found deep in the neck region covered by by what superficial muscle?

sternocleidomastoid

A lesion to the common fibular nerve causes A) footdrop. B) paralysis of the peroneal muscles. C) hammer toe. D) the same deficit as a ruptured calcaneal tendon causes.

A

An injury to the ulnar nerve causes A) claw hand. B) inability to oppose the thumb. C) the "hand of benediction." D) wrist drop.

A

Contraction rate of the diaphragm is controlled by which nerve? A) phrenic B) vagus C) trigeminal D) trochlear

A

Motor neurons to skeletal muscle belong to the A) somatic division of the nervous system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) afferent division of the autonomic nervous system. D) visceral division of the nervous system.

A

Spinal nerves are A) present in 31 pairs. B) located exclusively in the vertebral canal. C) present only in the thoracic region where plexuses are absent. D) purely sensory nerves.

A

The abducens nerve (CN VI) A) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. B) relays sensory information from the taste buds on the tongue. C) exits from the medulla. D) if paralyzed, results in Bell's palsy.

A

The major nerve plexus to the upper limbs is the A) brachial plexus. B) sacral plexus. C) cervical plexus. D) lumbar plexus.

A

The only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen is the A) vagus. B) hypoglossal. C) glossopharyngeal. D) vestibulocochlear.

A

The phrenic nerve receives fibers from A) C3-C5. B) T1-T7. C) CN X. D) CN XI.

A

The tibial and common fibular nerves branch from the ________ nerve. A) sciatic B) pudendal C) axillary D) femoral

A

Which letter indicates tactile epithelial cells (Merkel discs), light pressure receptors found in the epidermis? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that transmits olfactory impulses? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A

Disorders of balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory

B

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all of the following except the A) facial. B) optic. C) trigeminal. D) vagus.

B

Sensory impulses from the skin would be transmitted into the spinal cord on the A) ventral root of spinal nerves. B) dorsal root of spinal nerves. C) sympathetic nerve pathway. D) pathway of parasympathetic neurons.

B

The trigeminal nerve contains which class(es) of nerve fibers? A) somatic sensory only B) somatic motor and general somatic sensory C) somatic sensory, visceral sensory, and visceral motor D) somatic motor only

B

Which cranial nerve pair has three major branches, the maxillary, mandibular, and ophthalmic divisions? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

B

Which cranial nerve pair is characterized by somatic sensory fibers crossing at the ventral midline of the brain? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

B

Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B

Which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B

Which of the cranial nerve listed below is the largest in diameter? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

B

Which of the cranial nerves listed below is a special somatic sensory nerve? A) facial B) vestibulocochlear C) accessory D) trochlear

B

Which of the cranial nerves listed below provides innervation to one of the extrinsic eye muscles? A) trigeminal B) trochlear C) optic D) facial

B

Which of the following regions is not innervated by nerves of the sacral plexus (L4 - S4)? A) posterior thigh B) anterior thigh muscles C) foot D) external genitalia

B

Which of these nerves does not arise primarily from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar

B

Anesthetic injection to which nerve may block pain during childbirth? A) sciatic B) femoral C) pudendal D) obturator

C

Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause deafness and problems with equilibrium? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

C

If one likens a spinal nerve to the trunk of a tree, then the two roots of this tree are the dorsal and ventral roots. What would represent the two large branches of this tree? A) rami communicantes B) dorsal and ventral root ganglia C) ventral and dorsal rami D) the brachial plexus

C

Of the cranial nerve pairs listed below, which nerve, along with XI and XII, relays only somatic motor impulses? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

C

Spinal nerves found at the level of L4 to about S4 form the A) lumbar plexus. B) femoral plexus. C) sacral plexus. D) thoracic plexus.

C

Which cranial nerve, along with the abducens and oculomotor nerves, has somatic motor fibers that pass through the superior orbital fissure? A) I B) II C) IV D) VII E) VIII

C

Which letter indicates receptors that respond chiefly to pain and temperature? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has three major branches, and is cranial nerve V? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C

A lesion/injury to the radial nerve causes A) footdrop. B) claw hand. C) the "hand of benediction." D) wrist-drop.

D

A person who cannot blink or smile could have damage to which cranial nerve? A) I B) III C) V D) VII

D

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all of the following except the A) trigeminal. B) facial. C) glossopharyngeal. D) accessory.

D

The muscles that initiate flexion at the elbow joint (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve from the lateral cord? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous

D

The primary nerve to muscles of the anterior thigh is the A) sciatic. B) obturator. C) sural. D) femoral.

D

To avoid double vision, which of the following groups of cranial nerves must be functioning correctly? A) I, IX, and X B) VII, VIII, and XII C) V, XI, and XII D) III, IV, and VI

D

Which cranial nerves have fibers that relay somatic motor impulses to pharyngeal muscles during swallowing? A) I and II B) V and XII C) VI and VII D) IX and X

D

Which letter indicates a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle) that rapidly adapts to deep pressure stimuli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has motor fibers that innervate muscles of facial expression? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D

Which spinal nerve relays motor impulses to most of the muscles of the posterior forearm? A) ulnar B) median C) axillary D) radial

D

Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause difficulties in speech and swallowing? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

E

Which cranial nerve, along with cranial nerve pair II, relays specific somatic sensory impulses? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

E

Which letter indicates a bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini ending) that slowly adapts to deep pressure stimuli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve with nerve fibers that pass through the hypoglossal canal? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E